Autonomous surface cleaning robot for wet cleaning

ABSTRACT

An autonomous floor cleaning robot includes a transport drive and control system arranged for autonomous movement of the robot over a floor for performing cleaning operations. The robot chassis carries a first cleaning zone comprising cleaning elements arranged to suction loose particulates up from the cleaning surface and a second cleaning zone comprising cleaning elements arraigned to apply a cleaning fluid onto the surface and to thereafter collect the cleaning fluid up from the surface after it has been used to clean the surface. The robot chassis carries a supply of cleaning fluid and a waste container for storing waste materials collected up from the cleaning surface.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/654,838, the entire disclosure ofwhich is herein incorporated by reference it its entirety. Thisapplication also claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to U.S.application Ser. No. 11/134,212, U.S. application Ser. No. 11/134,213,and U.S. application Ser. No. 11/133,796, the entire disclosures ofwhich are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. Thisapplication relates to and herein incorporates by reference in theirentireties the disclosures of the application entitled “AutonomousSurface Cleaning Robot for Wet and Dry Cleaning,” by Casey et al., filedon even date herewith, and identified by attorney docket no. IRO-017CP1;and the application entitled “Autonomous Surface Cleaning Robot for DryCleaning,” by Gilbert et al., filed on even date herewith, andidentified by attorney docket no. IRO-017CP2.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to cleaning devices, and moreparticularly, to an autonomous surface cleaning robot. In particular,the surface cleaning robot includes two separate cleaning zones with afirst cleaning zone configured to collect loose particulates from thesurface and with a second cleaning zone configured to apply a cleaningfluid onto the surface, scrub the surface and thereafter collect a wasteliquid from the surface. The surface cleaning robot may also include atleast two containers, carried thereby, to store cleaning fluid and wastematerials.

DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

Autonomous robot floor cleaning devices having a low enough end userprice to penetrate the home floor cleaning market are known in the art.For example, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,883,201 by Jones et al. entitledAutonomous Floor Cleaning Robot, the disclosure of which is hereinincorporated by reference it its entirety, discloses an autonomousrobot. The robot disclosed therein includes a chassis, a battery powersubsystem, a motive drive subsystem operative to propel the autonomousfloor cleaning robot over a floor surface for cleaning operations, acommand and control subsystem operative to control the cleaningoperations and the motive subsystem, a rotating brush assembly forsweeping up or collecting loose particulates from the surface, a vacuumsubsystem for suctioning up or collecting loose particulates on thesurface, and a removable debris receptacle for collecting theparticulates and storing the loose particulates on the robot duringoperation. Models similar to the device disclosed in the '201 patent arecommercially marketed by IROBOT CORPORATION under the trade names ROOMBARED and ROOMBA DISCOVERY. These devices are operable to clean hard floorsurfaces, e.g. bare floors, as well as carpeted floors, and to freelymove from one surface type to the other unattended and withoutinterrupting the cleaning process.

In particular, the '201 patent describes a first cleaning zoneconfigured to collect loose particulates in a receptacle. The firstcleaning zone includes a pair of counter-rotating brushes engaging thesurface to be cleaned. The counter-rotating brushes are configured withbrush bristles that move at an angular velocity with respect to floorsurface as the robot is transported over the surface in a forwardtransport direction. The angular movement of the brush bristles withrespect to the floor surface tends to flick loose particulates laying onthe surface into the receptacle which is arranged to receive flickedparticulates.

The '201 patent further describes a second cleaning zone configured tocollect loose particulates in the receptacle and positioned aft of thefirst cleaning zone such that the second cleaning zone performs a secondcleaning of the surface as the robot is transported over the surface inthe forward direction. The second cleaning zone includes a vacuum deviceconfigured to suction up any remaining particulates and deposit theminto the receptacle.

In other examples, home use autonomous cleaning devices are disclosed ineach of U.S. Pat. No. 6,748,297, and U.S. Patent Application PublicationNo. 2003/0192144, both by Song et al. and both assigned to SamsungGwangiu Electronics Co. The disclosures of the '297 patent and '144published application are herein incorporated by reference it theirentireties. In these examples, autonomous cleaning robots are configuredwith similar cleaning elements that utilize rotating brushes and avacuum device to flick and suction up loose particulates and depositthem in a receptacle.

While each of the above examples provide affordable autonomous floorclearing robots for collecting loose particulates, there is heretoforeno teaching of an affordable autonomous floor cleaning robot forapplying a cleaning fluid onto the floor to wet clean floors in thehome. A need exists in the art for such a device and that need isaddressed by the present invention, the various functions, features, andbenefits thereof described in more detail herein.

Wet floor cleaning in the home has long been done manually using a wetmop or sponge attached to the end of a handle. The mop or sponge isdipped into a container filled with a cleaning fluid, to absorb anamount of the cleaning fluid in the mop or sponge, and then moved overthe surface to apply a cleaning fluid onto the surface. The cleaningfluid interacts with contaminants on the surface and may dissolve orotherwise emulsify contaminants into the cleaning fluid. The cleaningfluid is therefore transformed into a waste liquid that includes thecleaning fluid and contaminants held in suspension within the cleaningfluid. Thereafter, the sponge or mop is used to absorb the waste liquidfrom the surface. While clean water is somewhat effective for use as acleaning fluid applied to floors, most cleaning is done with a cleaningfluid that is a mixture of clean water and soap or detergent that reactswith contaminants to emulsify the contaminants into the water. Inaddition, it is known to clean floor surfaces with water and detergentmixed with other agents such as a solvent, a fragrance, a disinfectant,a drying agent, abrasive particulates and the like to increase theeffectiveness of the cleaning process.

The sponge or mop may also be used as a scrubbing element for scrubbingthe floor surface, and especially in areas where contaminants areparticularly difficult to remove from the floor. The scrubbing actionserves to agitate the cleaning fluid for mixing with contaminants aswell as to apply a friction force for loosening contaminants from thefloor surface. Agitation enhances the dissolving and emulsifying actionof the cleaning fluid and the friction force helps to break bondsbetween the surface and contaminants.

One problem with the manual floor cleaning methods of the prior art isthat after cleaning an area of the floor surface, the waste liquid mustbe rinsed from the mop or sponge, and this usually done by dipping themop or sponge back into the container filled with cleaning fluid. Therinsing step contaminates the cleaning fluid with waste liquid and thecleaning fluid becomes more contaminated each time the mop or sponge isrinsed. As a result, the effectiveness of the cleaning fluiddeteriorates as more of the floor surface area is cleaned.

While the traditional manual method is effective for floor cleaning, itis labor intensive and time consuming. Moreover, its cleaningeffectiveness decreases as the cleaning fluid becomes contaminated. Aneed exists in the art for an improved method for wet cleaning a floorsurface to provide an affordable wet floor cleaning device forautomating wet floor cleaning in the home.

In many large buildings, such as hospitals, large retail stores,cafeterias, and the like, there is a need to wet clean the floors on adaily or nightly basis, and this problem has been addressed by thedevelopment of industrial floor cleaning robots capable of wet cleaningfloors. An example of one industrial wet floor cleaning device isdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,279,672 by Betker et al., and assigned toWindsor Industries Inc. The disclosure of the '672 patent is hereinincorporated by reference it its entirety. Betker et al. disclose anautonomous floor cleaning device having a drive assembly providing amotive force to autonomously move the wet cleaning device along acleaning path. The device provides a cleaning fluid dispenser fordispensing cleaning fluid onto the floor, rotating scrub brushes incontact with the floor surface for scrubbing the floor with the cleaningfluid, and a waste liquid recovery system, comprising a squeegee and avacuum system for recovering the waste liquid from the floor surface.While the device disclosed by Betker et al. is usable to autonomouslywet clean large floor areas, it is not suitable for the home market, andfurther, lacks many features, capabilities, and functionality of thepresent invention as described further herein. In particular, theindustrial autonomous cleaning device disclosed by Betker et al. is toolarge, costly and complex for use in the home and consumes too muchelectrical power to provide a practical solution for the home wet floorcleaning market.

Recently, improvements in conventional manual wet floor cleaning in thehome are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,281 by Wright et al., andassigned to Royal Appliance Mfg., entitled Method for Mopping and Dryinga Floor. The disclosure of the '281 patent is herein incorporated byreference it its entirety. Disclosed therein is a low cost wet moppingsystem for manual use in the home market. The wet mopping systemdisclosed by Wright et al. comprises a manual floor cleaning devicehaving a handle with a cleaning fluid supply container supported on thehandle. The device includes a cleaning fluid dispensing nozzle supportedon the handle for spraying cleaning fluid onto the floor and a floorscrubber sponge attached to the end of the handle for contact with thefloor. The device also includes a mechanical device for wringing wasteliquid out of the scrubbing sponge. A squeegee and an associated suctiondevice are supported on the end of the handle and used to collect wasteliquid up from the floor surface and deposit the waste liquid into awaste liquid container, supported on the handle separate from thecleaning solution reservoir. The device also includes a battery powersource for powering the suction device. While Wright et al. describes aself contained wet cleaning device as well as an improved wet cleaningmethod that separates waste liquid from cleaning fluid the device ismanually operated and lacks robotic functionality and other benefits andfeatures identified in the present disclosure.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention overcomes the problems cited in the prior byproviding, inter alia, low cost autonomous robot capable of wet cleaningfloors and affordable for home use. The problems of the prior art areaddressed by the present invention which provides an autonomous cleaningrobot comprising a chassis and a transport drive system configured toautonomously transport cleaning elements over a cleaning surface. Therobot is supported on the cleaning surface by wheels in rolling contactwith the cleaning surface and the robot includes controls and driveelements configured to control the robot to generally traverse thecleaning surface in a forward direction defined by a fore-aft axis.

The robot is further defined by a transverse axis perpendicular to thefore-aft axis. The robot chassis carries a first cleaning zone Acomprising cleaning elements arranged to collect loose particulates fromthe cleaning surface across a cleaning width. The cleaning elements ofthe first cleaning zone utilize a jet port disposed on a transverse edgeof the robot and configured to blow a jet of air across a cleaning widthof the robot towards the opposite transverse edge. A vacuum intake portis disposed on the robot opposed to the jet port to suction up looseparticulates blown across the cleaning width by the jet port. Thecleaning elements of the first cleaning zone may suction up looseparticulates, utilize brushes to sweep the loose particulates intoreceptacle or otherwise remove the loose particulates from the surface.

The robot chassis may also carries a second cleaning zone B comprisingcleaning elements arraigned to apply a cleaning fluid onto the surface.The second cleaning zone also includes cleaning elements configure tocollect the cleaning fluid up from the surface after it has been used toclean the surface and may further include elements for scrubbing thecleaning surface and for smearing the cleaning fluid more uniformly overthe cleaning surface.

The robot includes a motive drive subsystem controlled by a mastercontrol module and powered by a self-contained power module forperforming autonomous movement over the cleaning surface. In one aspect,the invention relates to an autonomous cleaning robot having a chassissupported for transport over a cleaning surface, the chassis beingdefined by a fore-aft axis and a perpendicular transverse axis; a firstcollecting apparatus attached to the chassis and configured to collectloose particulates from the cleaning surface across a cleaning width,the cleaning width being disposed generally parallel with the transverseaxis; a liquid applicator, attached to the chassis and configured toapply a cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface; and, wherein thearrangement of the first collecting apparatus with respect to the liquidapplicator causes the first collecting apparatus to precede the liquidapplicator over the cleaning surface when transporting the chassis in aforward direction.

In one embodiment of the above aspect, the autonomous cleaning robotalso includes a smearing element attached to the chassis and configuredto smear the cleaning fluid applied onto the cleaning surface to moreuniformly spread the cleaning fluid over the cleaning surface; whereinthe arrangement of the liquid applicator with respect to the smearingelement causes the liquid applicator to precede the smearing elementover the cleaning surface when transporting the chassis in a forwarddirection. In another embodiment, the robot includes a scrubbing elementconfigured to scrub the cleaning surface; wherein the arrangement of theliquid applicator with respect to the scrubbing element causes theliquid applicator to precede the scrubbing element over the cleaningsurface when transporting the chassis in the forward direction. Incertain embodiments, the robot also includes a second collectingapparatus configured to collect waste liquid from the cleaning surface,the waste liquid comprising the cleaning fluid applied by the liquidapplicator plus any contaminants, removed from the cleaning surface bythe clean fluid; wherein the arrangement of the scrubbing element withrespect to the second collecting apparatus causes the scrubbing elementto precede the second collecting apparatus over the cleaning surface asthe chassis is transported in the forward direction.

In certain embodiments of the above aspect, the robot includes a firstwaste storage container attached to the chassis and arranged to receivethe loose particulates therein, and/or a second waste storage containerattached to the chassis and arranged to receive the waste liquidtherein. Some embodiments of the autonomous robot of the above aspectinclude a cleaning fluid storage container attached to the chassis andconfigured to store a supply of the cleaning fluid therein and todeliver the cleaning fluid to the liquid applicator. In someembodiments, the cleaning fluid comprises water and/or water mixed withany one of soap, solvent, fragrance, disinfectant, emulsifier, dryingagent and abrasive particulates. In some embodiments, the first andsecond waste containers are configured to be removable from the chassisby a user and to be emptied by the user, and/or said cleaning fluidstorage container is configured to be removable from the chassis by auser and to be filled by the user. Certain embodiments include acombined waste storage container attached to the chassis and configuredto receive the loose particulates from the first collecting apparatusand to receive the waste liquid from the second collecting apparatustherein. In other embodiments the waste storage container is configuredto be removable from the chassis by a user and to be emptied by theuser. Still other embodiments include a cleaning fluid storagecontainer, attached to the chassis and configured to store a supply ofthe cleaning fluid therein and to deliver the cleaning fluid to theliquid applicator, and in some cases, said cleaning fluid storagecontainer is configured to be user removable from the chassis and to befilled by the user.

In some embodiments of the above aspect, the autonomous cleaning robotaccording to claim 4 further includes an integrated liquid storagecontainer, attached to the chassis, and formed with two separatecontainer portions comprising; a waste storage container portionconfigured to receive the loose particulates from the first collectingapparatus and the waste liquid from the second collecting apparatustherein; and, a cleaning fluid storage container portion configured tostore a supply of the cleaning fluid therein and to deliver the cleaningfluid to the liquid applicator. In other embodiments, the autonomouscleaning robot of the above aspect includes the integrated liquidstorage container configured to be removable from the chassis by a userand for the cleaning fluid storage container to be filled by and for thewaste storage container to be emptied by the user. In some embodimentsof the above aspect, the robot includes a second collecting apparatusconfigured to collect waste liquid from the cleaning surface, the wasteliquid comprising the cleaning fluid applied by the liquid applicatorplus any contaminants, removed from the cleaning surface by the cleaningfluid; and, wherein the arrangement of the liquid applicator withrespect to the second collecting apparatus causes the liquid applicatorto precede the second collecting apparatus over the cleaning surface asthe chassis is transported in the forward direction. Certain embodimentsof the above aspect include a smearing element attached to the chassisand configured to smear the cleaning fluid applied onto the cleaningsurface to more uniformly spread the cleaning fluid over the cleaningsurface; and, wherein the arrangement of the liquid applicator withrespect to the smearing element causes the liquid applicator to precedethe smearing element over the cleaning surface when transporting thechassis in a forward direction.

In some embodiments, the robot includes a waste storage containerattached to the chassis and configured to receive the loose particulatesfrom the first collecting apparatus and to receive the waste liquid fromthe second collecting apparatus therein, and in certain cases, the wastestorage container is configured to be removable from the chassis by auser and to be emptied by the user. Some embodiments of the robotinclude a cleaning fluid storage container, attached to the chassis andconfigured to store a supply of the cleaning fluid therein and todeliver the cleaning fluid to the liquid applicator, and in some cases,said cleaning fluid storage container is configured to be removable fromthe chassis by a user and to be filled by the user. In otherembodiments, the robot of the above aspect includes an integrated liquidstorage container, attached to the chassis, and formed with two separatecontainer portions comprising; a waste storage container portionconfigured to receive the loose particulates from the first collectingapparatus and to receive the waste liquid from the second collectingapparatus therein; and, a cleaning fluid storage container configured tostore a supply of the cleaning fluid therein and to deliver the cleaningfluid to the liquid applicator. In certain embodiments, said integratedliquid storage container is configured to be removable from the chassisby a user and for the cleaning fluid storage container to be filled byand for the waste storage container to be emptied by the user.

Some embodiments of the above aspect include a motive drive subsystemattached to chassis for transporting the chassis over the cleaningsurface; a power module attached to the chassis for deliveringelectrical power to each of a plurality of power consuming subsystemsattached to the chassis; and, a master control module attached to thechassis for controlling the motive drive module, the first collectingapparatus, and the liquid applicator, to autonomously transport therobot over the cleaning surface and to autonomously clean the cleaningsurface. Some embodiments may also include a sensor module configured tosense conditions external to the robot and to sense conditions internalto the robot and to generate electrical sensor signals in response tosensing said conditions; a signal line for communicating the electricalsensor signals to the master control module; and, a controllerincorporated within the master control module for implementingpredefined operating modes of the robot in response to said conditions.

Some embodiments include a user control module configured to receive aninput command from a user and to generate an electrical input signal inresponse to the input command; a signal line for communicating theelectrical input signal to the master control module; and, a controllerincorporated within the master control module for implementingpredefined operating modes of the robot in response to the inputcommand. In certain embodiments, the autonomous cleaning robot includesan interface module attached to the chassis and configured to provide aninterface between an element external to the robot and at least oneelement attached to the chassis. In some embodiments, the elementexternal to the robot comprises one of a battery-charging device and adata processor. Some embodiments include an interface module attached tothe chassis and configured to provide an interface between an elementexternal to the robot and at least one element attached to the chassis.In some embodiments, the element external to the robot comprises one ofa battery-charging device, a data processor, a device for autonomouslyfilling the cleaning fluid storage container with cleaning fluid, and adevice for autonomously emptying the waste liquid container.

Certain embodiments of robots of the above aspect include an air jetport, attached to the chassis disposed at a first edge of the cleaningwidth and configured to blow a jet of air across the cleaning widthproximate to the cleaning surface, to thereby force loose particulateson the cleaning surface to move away from the first edge in a directiongenerally parallel with the transverse axis; an air intake port,attached to the chassis and disposed at a second edge of the cleaningwidth, opposed from the first edge and proximate to the cleaning surfacefor suctioning up the loose particulates; a waste storage containerconfigured to receive the loose particulates from the air intake port;and a fan assembly configured to generate a negative pressure within thewaste storage container. In some embodiments, the fan assembly isfurther configured to generate a positive air pressure at the air jetport.

In other embodiments the second collecting apparatus includes a squeegeeattached to the chassis and formed with a longitudinal ridge disposedproximate to the cleaning surface and extending across the cleaningwidth for providing a liquid collection volume at a forward edge of theridge, said longitudinal ridge collecting waste liquid within the liquidcollection volume as the chassis is transported in the forwarddirection; a vacuum chamber partially formed by the squeegee disposedproximate to the longitudinal ridge and extending across the cleaningwidth; a plurality of suction ports passing through the squeegee forproviding a plurality of fluid passages for fluidly connecting theliquid collection volume and the vacuum chamber; and a vacuum forgenerating a negative air pressure within the vacuum chamber for drawingwaste liquid collected within the liquid collection volume into thevacuum chamber. Some additional embodiments also include a waste storagecontainer configured to receive the waste liquid from the vacuumchamber, at least one fluid conduit fluidly connecting the vacuumchamber and the waste storage container, and a fan assembly configuredto generate a negative air pressure within the waste storage containerand the vacuum chamber to thereby suction waste liquid up from thecleaning surface and deposit the waste liquid in the waste storagecontainer. Other embodiments of the second collecting apparatusincorporate a squeegee attached to the chassis and formed with alongitudinal ridge disposed proximate to the cleaning surface andextending across the cleaning width for providing a liquid collectionvolume at a forward edge of the ridge, said longitudinal ridgecollecting waste liquid within the liquid collection volume as thechassis is transported in the forward direction; a vacuum chamberpartially formed by the squeegee disposed proximate to the longitudinalridge and extending across the cleaning width; a plurality of suctionports passing through the squeegee for providing a plurality of fluidpassages for fluidly connecting the liquid collection volume and thevacuum chamber, and a vacuum for generating a negative air pressurewithin the vacuum chamber for drawing waste liquid collected within theliquid collection volume into the vacuum chamber.

Still other embodiments of the above aspect include a waste storagecontainer W configured to receive the waste liquid from the vacuumchamber, at least one fluid conduit fluidly connecting the vacuumchamber and the waste storage container, and, a fan assembly configuredto generate a negative air pressure within the waste storage containerand the vacuum chamber to thereby suction waste liquid from the cleaningsurface and deposit the waste liquid in the waste storage container. Insome embodiments, the fan assembly is configured to generate a positiveair pressure at the air jet port.

In another aspect, the invention relates to an autonomous cleaning robotfor transporting cleaning elements over a cleaning surface including achassis, supported in rolling contact with the cleaning surface fortransporting the chassis in a forward direction defined by a fore-aftaxis, the chassis being further defined by a transverse axis; a firstcleaning zone comprising cleaning elements attached to the chassis andarranged to collect loose particulates from the cleaning surface acrossa cleaning width, the cleaning width being disposed generallyperpendicular with the fore-aft axis; a second cleaning zone comprisingcleaning elements attached to the chassis and arranged to apply acleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface and to collect a waste liquidfrom the cleaning surface across the cleaning width, said waste liquidcomprising the cleaning fluid plus any contaminants removed from thecleaning surface by the cleaning fluid; and a motive drive subsystemcontrolled by a master control module and powered by a power module, themotive drive subsystem, master control module and power module eachbeing electrically interconnected and attached to the chassis configuredto autonomously transporting the robot over the cleaning surface and toclean the cleaning surface. In some embodiments of this aspect, therobot is configured with a circular cross-section having a verticalcenter axis and wherein said fore-aft axis, said transverse axis andsaid vertical axis are mutually perpendicular and wherein the motivedrive subsystem is configured to rotate the robot about the centervertical axis for changing the orientation of the forward traveldirection.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a surface cleaning apparatushaving a chassis defined by a fore-aft axis and a perpendiculartransverse axis, the chassis being supported for transport over thesurface along the fore-aft axis, the chassis including a firstcollecting apparatus attached thereto and configured to collect looseparticulates from the surface over a cleaning width disposed generallyparallel with the transverse axis, the first collecting apparatusincluding an air jet port configured to expel a jet of air across thecleaning width; an air intake port configured to draw air and looseparticulates in; wherein the air jet port and the air intake port aredisposed at opposing ends of the cleaning width with the air jet portexpelling the jet of air generally parallel with the surface andgenerally directed toward the air intake port. In an embodiment of theabove aspect, the first collecting apparatus further includes a channelformed with generally opposed forward and aft edges, extending generallyparallel with the transverse axis across the cleaning width, andgenerally opposed left and right edges, extending generally orthogonalto said forward and aft edges; wherein the air jet port is disposed atone of said left and right edges and the air intake port is disposed atthe other of said left and right edges. In other embodiments, thesurface cleaning apparatus further includes a first compliant doctorblade disposed across the cleaning width and fixedly attached to abottom surface of the chassis proximate to said aft edge and extendingfrom said bottom surface to the surface for guiding the jet of air andloose particulates across the cleaning width.

In other embodiments of the above aspect, the surface cleaning apparatusfurther includes a second compliant doctor blade fixedly attached tosaid bottom surface and extending from said bottom surface to thesurface, for guiding the jet of air and loose particulates into the airintake port. In still other embodiments, the apparatus includes a rotaryfan motor having a fixed housing and a rotating shaft extendingtherefrom; a fan impeller configured to move air when rotated about arotation axis, said fan impeller being fixedly attached to the rotatingshaft for rotation about the rotation axis by the fan motor, a housingfor housing the fan impeller in a hollow cavity formed therein and forfixedly supporting the motor fixed housing thereon, the housing beingfurther configured with an air intake port through which air is drawn into the cavity, and an air exit port through which air is expelled out ofthe cavity when the impeller is rotated; and a first fluid conduitfluidly connected between the fan air intake port and the air intakeport of said first collecting apparatus; therein each of the elements isattached to the chassis. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes awaste storage container attached to the chassis and fluidly interposedwithin said first fluid conduit between the fan air intake port and theair intake port. In some embodiments, the waste storage container isconfigured to be removable from the chassis by a user and to be emptiedby the user.

Still other embodiments include an air filter element interposed withinsaid first fluid conduit between the waste storage container and the fanair intake port for filtering loose contaminates from air being drawn inthrough the fan air intake port, and may also include a second fluidconduit fluidly connected between the fan exit port and the air jet portof said first collecting apparatus. In other embodiments, the surfacecleaning apparatus further includes a second collecting apparatusattached to the chassis and disposed aft of the first collectingapparatus for collecting liquid from the surface over the cleaningwidth. In some embodiments, the second collecting zone includes asqueegee fixedly attached to the chassis aft of the first collectingapparatus and extending from a bottom surface of the chassis to thesurface across the cleaning width for collecting liquid in a liquidcollection volume formed between the squeegee and the surface, thesqueegee further forming a vacuum chamber and providing a plurality ofsuction ports disposed across the cleaning width and fluidly connectingthe vacuum chamber and the liquid collection volume; and a vacuum forgenerating a negative air pressure inside the vacuum chamber to therebydraw liquid into the vacuum chamber through the plurality of suctionports fluidly connected with the collection volume.

Other embodiments of the surface cleaning apparatus of the above aspectinclude a rotary fan motor having a fixed housing and a rotating shaftextending therefrom; a fan impeller configured to move air when rotatedabout a rotation axis, said fan impeller being fixedly attached to therotating shaft for rotation about the rotation axis by the fan motor, ahousing for housing the fan impeller in a hollow cavity formed thereinand for fixedly supporting the motor fixed housing thereon, the housingbeing further configured with an air intake port through which air isdrawn in to the cavity, and an air exit port through which air isexpelled out of the cavity when the impeller is rotated; a first fluidconduit fluidly connected between the fan air intake port and the airintake port of said first collecting apparatus; and a third fluidconduit fluidly connected between the fan air intake port and the vacuumchamber, wherein these elements are attached to the chassis. The surfacecleaning apparatus may also include a second fluid conduit fluidlyconnected between the fan exit port and the air jet port of said firstcollecting apparatus, and/or a waste storage container attached to thechassis and configured to store the liquid collected from the surface.Still other embodiments utilize a waste storage container attached tothe chassis and configured to store the liquid collected from thesurface, said waste storage container being fluidly interposed withinsaid third fluid conduit. In some embodiments, the cleaning apparatusincludes a waste storage container attached to the chassis andconfigured to store the liquid collected from the surface, said wastestorage container being fluidly interposed within said first and saidthird fluid conduits. In certain cases, said waste storage containerincludes a sealed waste container for storing loose particulatescollected by the first collecting apparatus and for storing liquidcollected by the second collecting apparatus and having at least oneaccess port formed therein for emptying waste from the container; and aplenum incorporated into a top wall of the sealed container such thatthe plenum is disposed vertically above the sealed waste containerduring operation of the cleaning apparatus; and wherein the plenum isconfigured with ports for fluidly interposing within each of said first,said second and said third fluid conduits.

In some embodiments, the waste storage container is configured to beremovable from the chassis by a user and to be emptied by the user.Certain other embodiments include a cleaning fluid applicator assembly,attached to the chassis between the first collecting apparatus and thesecond collecting apparatus for applying a cleaning fluid onto thesurface across the cleaning width; and a sealed cleaning fluid storagecontainer for holding a supply of the cleaning fluid therein the storagecontainer including at least one access port formed therein for fillingthe container with the cleaning fluid. In other embodiments, said sealedwaste container and said sealed cleaning fluid container are integratedinto a liquid storage container module and wherein the integrated liquidstorage container module is configured to be removable from the chassisby a user for filling with cleaning fluid and for emptying wastetherefrom. In some embodiments, the surface cleaning apparatus furtherincludes a smearing element attached the chassis aft of the liquidapplicator assembly and configured to smear the cleaning fluid acrossthe cleaning width; and a scrubbing element attached to the chassis aftof the smearing element for scrubbing the surface across the cleaningwidth. In some embodiments, the surface cleaning apparatus furthercomprises a motive drive subsystem controlled by a master control moduleand power by a power module, each attached to the chassis, forautonomously transporting the surface cleaning apparatus over thesurface.

In other embodiments, the surface cleaning apparatus further includes asensor module configured to sense conditions and to generate electricalsensor signals in response to sensing said conditions; a signal line forcommunicating the electrical sensor signals to the master controlmodule; and a controller incorporated within the master control modulefor implementing predefined operating modes in response to sensing saidconditions. Still other embodiments include a motive drive subsystemcontrolled by a master control module and power by a power module, eachattached to the chassis, for autonomously transporting the surfacecleaning apparatus over the surface. Other embodiments of the surfacecleaning apparatus further include a sensor module configured to senseconditions and to generate electrical sensor signals in response tosensing said conditions; a signal line for communicating the electricalsensor signals to the master control module; and a controllerincorporated within the master control module for implementingpredefined operating modes in response to sensing said conditions.

In yet another aspect, the invention relates to a surface cleaningapparatus having an autonomous transport drive subsystem controlled by amaster control module, a sensor module for sensing conditions, a powermodule and cleaning elements all supported on a chassis and powered bythe power module for moving the chassis over the surface in accordancewith predefined operating modes and in response to conditions sensed bythe sensor module, the elements being configured with a cleaning widthdisposed generally orthogonal to a forward transport direction andwherein the cleaning elements comprise; a first collecting apparatus forcollecting loose particulates from the surface across the cleaningwidth, said first collecting apparatus A being positioned on the chassisto advance over the surface first as the chassis is transported in aforward transport direction; a cleaning fluid applicator for applyingcleaning fluid onto the surface across the cleaning width, said cleaningfluid applicator being positioned on the chassis to advance over thesurface second as the chassis is transported in a forward transportdirection; a smearing element for smearing the cleaning fluid appliedonto the surface across the cleaning width, said smearing element beingpositioned on the chassis to advance over the surface third as thechassis is transported in a forward transport direction; an activescrubbing element for actively scrubbing the surface across the cleaningwidth, said active scrubbing element being positioned on the chassis toadvance over the surface fourth as the chassis is transported in aforward transport direction; a second collecting apparatus forcollecting waste liquid from the surface, said second collectingapparatus being positioned on the chassis to advance over the surfacefifth as the chassis is transported in a forward transport direction;and, an integrated storage container module comprising a waste storagecontainer for storing loose particulates collected by said firstcollecting apparatus and waste liquid collected by said secondcollecting apparatus, a cleaning fluid supply container for storing asupply of the cleaning fluid, and wherein the integrated storagecontainer module is configured to be removed from the chassis by a user,filled with cleaning fluid and emptied of waste and then reinstalledonto the chassis by the user.

In yet an additional aspect, the invention relates to a surface cleaningapparatus having a chassis defined by a fore-aft axis and aperpendicular transverse axis for supporting cleaning elements thereonand for transporting the cleaning elements over the surface along thefore-aft axis and wherein the cleaning elements are disposed to cleanacross a cleaning width disposed generally orthogonal to the fore-aftaxis with a left end and a right end defining opposing edges of thecleaning width; and a liquid applicator comprising at least one nozzledisposed at one of said left end and said right end for ejectingcleaning fluid therefrom, said cleaning fluid being ejected withsufficient volume and pressure to distribute cleaning fluid across thecleaning width. In certain embodiments of the above aspect, the cleaningfluid comprises water and/or any one of soap, solvent, fragrance,disinfectant, emulsifier, drying agent and abrasive particulates.

In some embodiments of the above aspect, the apparatus includes asmearing element attached to the chassis aft of the position of the atleast one nozzle and extending from the chassis to the surface acrossthe cleaning width for smearing the cleaning fluid, and may include ascrubbing element attached to the chassis aft of the position of the atleast one nozzle and extending from the chassis to the surface acrossthe cleaning width for scrubbing the surface. In some embodiments, thescrubbing element is attached to the chassis aft of the position of theat least one nozzle and extending from the chassis to the surface acrossthe cleaning width for scrubbing the surface. The cleaning apparatus mayalso include a collecting apparatus attached to the chassis aft of theposition of the at least one nozzle and extending from the chassis tothe surface across the cleaning width for collecting waste liquid fromthe surface. In some embodiments, the liquid applicator a first nozzledisposed at the left end for ejecting cleaning fluid therefrom, saidcleaning fluid being ejected from the first nozzle with sufficientvolume and pressure to distribute cleaning fluid across the cleaningwidth, a second nozzle disposed at the right end for ejecting cleaningfluid therefrom, said cleaning fluid being ejected from the secondnozzle with sufficient volume and pressure to distribute cleaning fluidacross the cleaning width; and wherein the first nozzle and the secondnozzle are co-located on the fore-aft axis.

In certain embodiments of the above aspect each of the first and secondnozzles ejects a discrete burst cleaning fluid in accordance with aburst frequency and wherein the burst frequency of the first nozzle issubstantially opposite in phase with respect to the burst frequency ofthe second nozzle. In some embodiments, the surface cleaning apparatusalso includes an autonomous transport drive subsystem, a sensor modulefor sensing conditions and a power module all supported by the chassisand controlled by a master control module to autonomously move thecleaning elements substantially over the entire surface over the surfacein accordance with predefined operating modes and in response toconditions sensed by the sensor module. Still other embodiments utilizean autonomous transport drive subsystem, a sensor module for sensingconditions and a power module all supported by the chassis andcontrolled by a master control module to autonomously move the cleaningelements substantially over the entire surface over the surface inaccordance with predefined operating modes and in response to conditionssensed by the sensor module.

Other embodiments of the above aspect include an autonomous transportdrive subsystem, a sensor module for sensing conditions and a powermodule all supported by the chassis and controlled by a master controlmodule to autonomously move the cleaning elements substantially over theentire surface over the surface in accordance with predefined operatingmodes and in response to conditions sensed by the sensor module. In someembodiments, the master control module is configured to vary the burstfrequency in accordance with a desired rate for applying cleaning fluidonto surface, and in some cases, the master control module is configuredto vary the burst frequency to apply cleaning fluid onto the surface ata substantially uniform volume of approximately 2 ml per square foot.

In some embodiments, the surface cleaning apparatus also includes aliquid storage container, carried on the chassis, for storing a supplyof the cleaning fluid therein; a diaphragm pump assembly configured witha first a first pump portion for drawing cleaning fluid from thecontainer and for delivering the cleaning fluid to the at least onenozzle; and a mechanical actuator for mechanically actuating the firstpump portion. Still other embodiments include an autonomous transportdrive subsystem, a sensor module for sensing conditions and a powermodule all supported by the chassis and controlled by a master controlmodule to autonomously move the cleaning elements substantially over theentire surface over the surface in accordance with predefined operatingmodes and in response to conditions sensed by the sensor module; aliquid storage container, carried on the chassis, for storing a supplyof the cleaning fluid therein; a diaphragm pump assembly having a firsta first pump portion for drawing cleaning fluid from the container andfor delivering the cleaning fluid to the first nozzle and a second pumpportion for drawing cleaning fluid from the container and for deliveringthe cleaning fluid to the second nozzle; and a mechanical actuator formechanically actuating the first pump portion and the second pumpportion.

In certain embodiments of the above aspect, the diaphragm pump assemblyincludes a flexible element mounted between a non-flexible upper chamberelement and a non-flexible lower chamber element, said flexible elementbeing formed with a first pump chamber and a first actuator nippleattached thereto and a second pump chamber and a second actuator nippleattached thereto; an actuator link pivotally attached to the pumpassembly for pivoting between a first actuator position and a secondactuator position, the actuator link being fixedly attached to each ofsaid first and said second actuator nipples and wherein movement of theactuator link toward the first actuator position decreases the volumethe first pump chamber and increases the volume of the second pumpchamber and further wherein movement of the actuator link toward thesecond actuator position increases the volume the first pump chamber anddecreases the volume of the second pump chamber; a cam elementconfigured with a circumferential cam profile and supported to move theactuator link between the first actuator position and the secondactuator position; and a cam rotary drive, controlled by the mastercontroller, for rotating the cam element in accordance with a cam rotarydrive pattern.

In another aspect, the invention relates to a method for cleaning asurface with a cleaning apparatus, the method including the steps oftransporting a chassis over the surface in a forward transport directiondefined by a defined by a fore-aft axis, said chassis including cleaningelements supported thereon, and wherein the cleaning elements have acleaning width disposed generally orthogonal to the fore-aft axis andwherein the cleaning width has a left end and an opposing right end; andejecting a volume of cleaning fluid from a first nozzle attached to thechassis at one of said left end and said right end, said first nozzlebeing configured to eject cleaning fluid therefrom, said cleaning fluidbeing ejected with sufficient volume and pressure to distribute cleaningfluid across the cleaning width. In certain embodiments, the method mayalso include ejecting a volume of cleaning fluid from a second nozzleattached to the chassis at the other of said left end and said right endand co-located on the fore-aft axis with respect to the first nozzle,said second nozzle being configured to eject cleaning fluid therefrom,said cleaning fluid being ejected with sufficient volume and pressure todistribute cleaning fluid across the cleaning width; and ejectingcleaning fluid from each of the first nozzle and the second nozzle indiscrete bursts of cleaning fluid in accordance with a burst frequencyand wherein the burst frequency of the first nozzle is substantiallyopposite in phase with respect to the burst frequency of the secondnozzle.

In still other embodiments, the method includes smearing the cleaningfluid across the cleaning width using a smearing element attached to thechassis aft of the co-located position of the first nozzle and thesecond nozzle, said smearing element extending across the cleaningwidth. Other embodiments may include scrubbing the surface across thecleaning width using a scrubbing element attached to the chassis aft ofthe co-located position of the first nozzle and the second nozzle, saidscrubbing element extending across the cleaning width. Still otherembodiments include collecting waste liquid from the surface across thecleaning width using a collecting apparatus attached to the chassis aftof the co-located position of the first nozzle and the second nozzle,said collecting apparatus extending across the cleaning width. In someembodiments of the method of the above aspect, the chassis furtherincludes an autonomous transport drive subsystem, a sensor module forsensing conditions and a power module all supported thereon andcontrolled by a master control module and wherein transporting thechassis over the surface further includes controlling the transportdrive subsystem in accordance with predefined operating modes and inresponse to conditions sensed by the sensor module to transport thecleaning elements substantially over the entire surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features of the present invention will best be understood from adetailed description of the invention and a preferred embodiment thereofselected for the purposes of illustration and shown in the accompanyingdrawings in which:

FIG. 1 depicts an isometric view of a top surface of an autonomouscleaning robot according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 depicts an isometric view of a bottom surface of a chassis of anautonomous cleaning robot according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 depicts an exploded view of a robot chassis having robotsubsystems attached thereto according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 depicts a schematic block diagram showing the interrelationshipof subsystems of an autonomous cleaning robot according to the presentinvention.

FIG. 5 depicts a schematic representation of a liquid applicatorassembly according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 depicts a schematic section view taken through a stop valveassembly installed within a cleaning fluid supply tank according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 7 depicts a schematic section view taken through a pump assemblyaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 8 depicts a schematic top view of a flexible element used as adiaphragm pump according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 depicts a schematic top view of a nonflexible chamber elementused in the pump assembly according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 depicts a schematic exploded isometric view of a scrubbingmodule according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 depicts an isometric rotatable scrubbing brush according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 12A depicts a schematic section view taken through a secondcollecting apparatus used for collecting waste liquid according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 12B depicts a schematic section view of an alternative collectingapparatus used for collecting waste liquid according to the presentinvention.

FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram showing elements of a drive moduleused to rotate the scrubbing brush according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of an air moving system accordingto the present invention.

FIG. 15 depicts a schematic exploded isometric view of a fan assemblyaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 16 depicts a schematic exploded isometric view showing elements ofan integrated liquid storage module according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 depicts an external view of the integrated liquid storage moduleremoved from the cleaning robot according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 depicts a schematic exploded view of a nose wheel moduleaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 19 depicts a schematic section view taken through a nose wheelassembly according to the present invention.

FIG. 20 depicts a schematic exploded view of a drive wheel assemblyaccording to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to the drawings where like reference numerals identifycorresponding or similar elements throughout the several views, FIG. 1depicts an isometric view showing the external surfaces of an autonomouscleaning robot 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention. The robot 100 is configured with a cylindrical volume havinga generally circular cross-section 102 with a top surface and a bottomsurface that is substantially parallel and opposed to the top surface.The circular cross-section 102 is defined by three mutuallyperpendicular axes; a central vertical axis 104, a fore-aft axis 106,and a transverse axis 108. The robot 100 is movably supported withrespect to a surface to be cleaned, hereinafter, the cleaning surface.The cleaning surface is substantially horizontal. The robot 100 isgenerally supported in rolling contact with the cleaning surface by aplurality of wheels or other rolling elements attached to a chassis 200.In a preferred embodiment, the fore-aft axis 108 defines a transportaxis along which the robot is advanced over the cleaning surface. Therobot is generally advanced in a forward or fore travel direction,designated F, during cleaning operations. The opposite travel direction,(i.e. opposed by 180°), is designated A for aft. The robot is generallynot advanced in the aft direction during cleaning operations but may beadvanced in the aft direction to avoid an object or maneuver out of acorner or the like. Cleaning operations may continue or be suspendedduring aft transport. The transverse axis 108 is further defined by thelabels R for right and L for left, as viewed from the top view ofFIG. 1. In subsequent figures, the R and L direction remain consistentwith the top view, but may be reversed on the printed page. In apreferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the robotcircular cross-section 102 is approximately 370 mm (14.57 inches) andthe height of the robot 100 above the cleaning surface of approximately85 mm (3.3 inches). However, the autonomous cleaning robot 100 of thepresent invention may be built with other cross-sectional diameter andheight dimensions, as well as with other cross-sectional shapes, e.g.square, rectangular and triangular, and volumetric shapes, e.g. cube,bar, and pyramidal.

The robot 100 may include a user input control panel, not shown,disposed on an external surface, e.g. the top surface, with one or moreuser manipulated actuators disposed on the control panel. Actuation of acontrol panel actuator by a user generates an electrical signal, whichis interpreted to initiate a command. The control panel may also includeone or more mode status indicators such as visual or audio indicatorsperceptible by a user. In one example, a user may set the robot onto thecleaning surface and actuate a control panel actuator to start acleaning operation. In another example, a user may actuate a controlpanel actuator to stop a cleaning operation.

Referring now to FIG. 2, the autonomous robot 100 includes a pluralityof cleaning modules supported on a chassis 200 for cleaning thesubstantially horizontal cleaning surface as the robot is transportedover the cleaning surface. The cleaning modules extend below the robotchassis 200 to contact or otherwise operate on the cleaning surfaceduring cleaning operations. More specifically, the robot 100 isconfigured with a first cleaning zone A for collecting looseparticulates from the cleaning surface and for storing the looseparticulates in a receptacle carried by the robot. The robot 100 isfurther configured with a second cleaning zone B that at least applies acleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface. The cleaning fluid may beclean water alone or clean water mixed with other ingredients to enhancecleaning. The application of the cleaning fluid serves to dissolve,emulsify or otherwise react with contaminants on the cleaning surface toseparate contaminants therefrom. Contaminants may become suspended orotherwise combined with the cleaning fluid. After the cleaning fluid hasbeen applied onto the surface, it mixes with contaminants and becomeswaste material, e.g. a liquid waste material with contaminants suspendedor otherwise contained therein.

The underside of the robot 100 is shown in FIG. 2 which depicts a firstcleaning zone A disposed forward of the second cleaning zone B withrespect to the fore-aft axis 106. Accordingly, the first cleaning zone Aprecedes the second cleaning zone B over the cleaning surface when therobot 100 travels in the forward direction. The first and secondcleaning zones are configured with a cleaning width W that is generallyoriented parallel or nearly parallel with the transverse axis 108. Thecleaning width W defines the cleaning width or cleaning footprint of therobot. As the robot 100 advances over the cleaning surface in theforward direction, the cleaning width is the width of cleaning surfacecleaned by the robot in a single pass. Ideally, the cleaning widthextends across the full transverse width of the robot 100 to optimizecleaning efficiency; however, in a practical implementation, thecleaning width is slightly narrower that the robot transverse width dueto spatial constraints on the robot chassis 200.

According to the present invention, the robot 100 traverses the cleaningsurface in a forward direction over a cleaning path with both cleaningzones operating simultaneously. In a preferred embodiment, the nominalforward velocity of the robot is approximately 4.75 inches per secondhowever, the robot and cleaning devices may be configured to clean atfaster and slower forward velocities. The first cleaning zone A precedesthe second cleaning zone B over the cleaning surface and collects looseparticulates from the cleaning surface across the cleaning width W. Thesecond cleaning zone B applies cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surfaceacross the cleaning width W. The second cleaning zone may also beconfigured to smear the cleaning fluid applied onto the cleaning surfaceto smooth the cleaning fluid into a more uniform layer and to mix thecleaning fluid with contaminants on the cleaning surface. The secondcleaning zone B may also be configured to scrub the cleaning surfaceacross the cleaning width. The scrubbing action agitates the cleaningfluid to mix it with contaminants. The scrubbing action also applies ashearing force against contaminants to thereby dislodge contaminantsfrom the cleaning surface. The second cleaning zone B may also beconfigured to collect waste liquid from cleaning surface across thecleaning width. According to the invention, a single pass of the robotover a cleaning path first collects loose particulates up from thecleaning surface across the cleaning width and thereafter applies acleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface generally across the cleaningwidth W to interact with contaminants remaining on the cleaning surfaceand may further apply a scrubbing action to dislodge contaminants fromthe cleaning surface. A single pass of the robot 100 over a cleaningpath may also smear the cleaning fluid more uniformly on the cleaningsurface. A single pass of the robot over a cleaning path may alsocollect waste liquid up from the cleaning surface.

In general, the cleaning robot 100 is configured to clean uncarpetedindoor hard floor surface, e.g. floors covered with tiles, wood, vinyl,linoleum, smooth stone or concrete and other manufactured floor coveringlayers that are not overly abrasive and that do not readily absorbliquid. Other embodiments, however, may be adapted to clean, process,treat, or otherwise traverse abrasive, liquid-absorbing, and othersurfaces. In addition, in a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, the robot 100 is configured to autonomously transport overthe floors of small enclosed furnished rooms such as are typical ofresidential homes and smaller commercial establishments. The robot 100is not required to operate over predefined cleaning paths but may moveover substantially all of the cleaning surface area under the control ofvarious transport algorithms designed to operate irrespective of theenclosure shape or obstacle distribution. In particular, the robot 100of the present invention moves over cleaning paths in accordance withpreprogrammed procedures implemented in hardware, software, firmware, orcombinations thereof to implement a variety of modes, such as threebasic operational modes, i.e., movement patterns, that can becategorized as: (1) a “spot-coverage” mode; (2) a “wall/obstaclefollowing” mode; and (3) a “bounce” mode. In addition, the robot 100 ispreprogrammed to initiate actions based upon signals received fromsensors incorporated therein, where such actions include, but are notlimited to, implementing one of the movement patterns above, anemergency stop of the robot 100, or issuing an audible alert. Theseoperational modes of the robot of the present invention are specificallydescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,809,490, by Jones et al., entitled. Methodand System for Multi-Mode Coverage for an Autonomous Robot, the entiredisclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference it its entirety.

In a preferred embodiment, the robot 100 is configured to cleanapproximately 150 square feet of cleaning surface in a single cleaningoperation. The duration of the cleaning operation is approximately 45minutes. Accordingly, the robot systems are configured for unattendedautonomous cleaning for 45 minutes or more without the need to rechargea power supply, refill the supply of cleaning fluid or empty the wastematerials collected by the robot.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 the robot 100 includes a plurality ofsubsystems mounted to a robot chassis 200. The major robot subsystemsare shown schematically in FIG. 4 which depicts a master control module300 interconnected for two-way communication with each of a plurality ofother robot subsystems. The interconnection of the robot subsystems isprovided via network of interconnected wires and or conductive elements,e.g. conductive paths formed on an integrated printed circuit board orthe like, as is well known. The master control module 300 at leastincludes a programmable or preprogrammed digital data processor, e.g. amicroprocessor, for performing program steps, algorithms and ormathematical and logical operations as may be required. The mastercontrol module 300 also includes a digital data memory in communicationwith the data processor for storing program steps and other digital datatherein. The master control module 300 also includes one or more clockelements for generating timing signals as may be required.

A power module 310 delivers electrical power to all of the major robotsubsystems. The power module includes a self-contained power sourceattached to the robot chassis 200, e.g. a rechargeable battery, such asa nickel metal hydride battery, or the like. In addition, the powersource is configured to be recharged by any one of various rechargingelements and or recharging modes, or the battery may be replaced by auser when it becomes discharged or unusable. The master control module300 may also interface with the power module 310 to control thedistribution of power, to monitor power use and to initiate powerconservation modes as required.

The robot 100 may also include one or more interface modules or elements320. Each interface module 320 is attached to the robot chassis toprovide an interconnecting element or port for interconnecting with oneor more external devices. Interconnecting elements and ports arepreferably accessible on an external surface of the robot. The mastercontrol module 300 may also interface with the interface modules 320 tocontrol the interaction of the robot 100 with an external device. Inparticular, one interface module element is provided for charging therechargeable battery via an external power supply or power source suchas a conventional AC or DC power outlet. Another interface moduleelement may be configured for one or two way communications over awireless network and further interface module elements may be configuredto interface with one or more mechanical devices to exchange liquids andloose particulates therewith, e.g. for filling a cleaning fluidreservoir or for draining or emptying a waste material container.

Accordingly, the interface module 320 may comprise a plurality ofinterface ports and connecting elements for interfacing with activeexternal elements for exchanging operating commands, digital data andother electrical signals therewith. The interface module 320 may furtherinterface with one or more mechanical devices for exchanging liquid andor solid materials therewith. The interface module 320 may alsointerface with an external power supply for charging the robot powermodule 310. Active external devices for interfacing with the robot 100may include, but are not limited to, a floor standing docking station, ahand held remote control device, a local or remote computer, a modem, aportable memory device for exchanging code and or data with the robotand a network interface for interfacing the robot 100 with any deviceconnected to the network. In addition, the interface module 320 mayinclude passive elements such as hooks and or latching mechanisms forattaching the robot 100 to a wall for storage or for attaching the robotto a carrying case or the like.

In particular, an active external device according to one aspect of thepresent invention confines the robot 100 in a cleaning space such as aroom by emitting radiation in a virtual wall pattern. The robot 100 isconfigured to detect the virtual wall pattern and is programmed to treatthe virtual wall pattern as a room wall so that the robot does not passthrough the virtual wall pattern. This particular aspect of the presentinvention is specifically described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,690,134 by Joneset al., entitled Method and System for Robot Localization andConfinement, the entire disclosure of which is herein incorporated byreference it its entirety.

Another active external device according to a further aspect of thepresent invention comprises a robot base station used to interface withthe robot. The base station may comprise a fixed unit connected with ahousehold power supply, e.g. and AC power wall outlet and or otherhousehold facilities such as a water supply pipe, a waste drain pipe anda network interface. According to invention, the robot 100 and the basestation are each configured for autonomous docking and the base stationmay be further configure to charge the robot power module 310 and toservice the robot in other ways. A base station and autonomous robotconfigured for autonomous docking and for recharging the robot powermodule is specifically described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/762,219, by Cohen, et al., filed on Jan. 21, 2004, entitledAutonomous Robot Auto-Docking and Energy Management Systems and Methods,the entire disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference itits entirety.

The autonomous robot 100 includes a self-contained motive transportdrive subsystem 900 which is further detailed below. The transport drive900 includes three wheels extending below the chassis 200 to providethree points of rolling support with respect to the cleaning surface. Anose wheel is attached to the robot chassis 200 at a forward edgethereof, coaxial with the fore-aft axis 106, and a pair of drive wheelsattached to the chassis 200 aft of the transverse axis 108 and rotatableabout a drive axis that is parallel with the transverse axis 108. Eachdrive wheel is separately driven and controlled to advance the robot ina desired direction. In addition, each drive wheel is configured toprovide sufficient drive friction as the robot operates on a cleaningsurface that is wet with cleaning fluid. The nose wheel is configured toself align with the direction of travel. The drive wheels may becontrolled to move the robot 100 forward or aft in a straight line oralong an arcuate path.

The robot 100 further includes a sensor module 340. The sensor module340 comprises a plurality of sensors attached to the chassis and orintegrated with robot subsystems for sensing external conditions and forsensing internal conditions. In response to sensing various conditions,the sensor module 340 may generate electrical signals and communicatethe electrical signals to the control module 300. Individual sensors mayperform such functions as detecting walls and other obstacles, detectingdrop offs in the cleaning surface, called cliffs, detecting dirt on thefloor, detecting low battery power, detecting an empty cleaning fluidcontainer, detecting a full waste container, measuring or detectingdrive wheel velocity distance traveled or slippage, detecting nose wheelrotation or cliff drop off, detecting cleaning system problems suchrotating brush stalls or vacuum system clogs, detecting inefficientcleaning, cleaning surface type, system status, temperature, and manyother conditions. In particular, several aspects of the sensor module340 of the present invention as well as and its operation, especially asit relates to sensing external elements and conditions are specificallydescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,594,844, by Jones, entitled Robot ObstacleDetection System, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/166,986, byCasey et al., filed on Jun. 24, 2005, entitled Obstacle Following SensorScheme for a Mobile Robot, the entire disclosures of which are hereinincorporated by reference it their entireties.

The robot 100 may also include a user control module 330. The usercontrol module 330 provides one or more user input interfaces thatgenerate an electrical signal in response to a user input andcommunicate the signal to the master control module 300. In oneembodiment of the present invention, the user control module, describedabove, provides a user input interface, however, a user may entercommands via a hand held remote control device, a programmable computeror other programmable device or via voice commands. A user may inputuser commands to initiate actions such as power on/off, start, stop orto change a cleaning mode, set a cleaning duration, program cleaningparameters such as start time and duration, and or many other userinitiated commands. User input commands, functions, and componentscontemplated for use with the present invention are specificallydescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/166,891, by Dubrovskyet al., filed on Jun. 24, 2005, entitled Remote Control Scheduler andMethod for Autonomous Robotic Device, the entire disclosure of which isherein incorporated by reference it its entirety.

Cleaning Zones

Referring now to FIG. 2, a bottom surface of a robot chassis 200 isshown in isometric view. As shown therein, a first cleaning zone A isdisposed forward of a second cleaning zone B with respect to thefore-aft axis 106. Accordingly, as the robot 100 is transported in theforward direction the first cleaning zone A precedes the second cleaningzone B over the cleaning surface. Each cleaning zone A and B has acleaning width W disposed generally parallel with the transverse axis108. Ideally, the cleaning width of each cleaning zone is substantiallyidentical however, the actual cleaning width of the cleaning zones A andB may be slightly different. According to a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, the cleaning width W is primarily defined by thesecond cleaning zone B which extends from proximate to the rightcircumferential edge of a bottom surface of the robot chassis 200substantially parallel with the transverse axis 108 and is approximately296 mm (11.7 inches) long. By locating the cleaning zone B proximate theright circumferential edge, the robot 100 may maneuver its rightcircumferential edge close to a wall or other obstacle for cleaning thecleaning surface adjacent to the wall or obstacle. Accordingly, therobot movement patterns include algorithms for transporting the rightside of the robot 100 adjacent to each wall or obstacle encountered bythe robot during a cleaning cycle. The robot 100 is therefore said tohave a dominant right side. Of course, the robot 100 could be configuredwith a dominant left side instead. The first cleaning zone A ispositioned forward of the transverse axis 108 and has a slightlynarrower cleaning width than the second cleaning zone B, simply becauseof the circumference shape of the robot 100. However, any cleaningsurface area not cleaned by the first cleaning zone A is cleaned by thesecond cleaning zone B.

First Cleaning Zone

The first cleaning zone A is configured to collect loose particulatesfrom the cleaning surface. In a preferred embodiment, an air jet isgenerated by an air moving system which includes an air jet port 554disposed on a left edge of the first cleaning zone A. The air jet port554 expels a continuous jet or stream of pressurized air therefrom. Theair jet port 554 is oriented to direct the air jet across the cleaningwidth from left to right. Opposed to the air jet port 554, an air intakeport 556 is disposed on a right edge of the first cleaning zone A. Theair moving system generates a negative air pressure zone in the conduitsconnected to the intake port 556, which creates a negative air pressurezone proximate to the intake port 556. The negative air pressure zonesuctions loose particulates and air into the air intake port 556 and theair moving system is further configured to deposit the looseparticulates into a waste material container carried by the robot 100.Accordingly, pressurized air expelled from the air jet port 554 movesacross the cleaning width within the first cleaning zone A and forcesloose particulates on the cleaning surface toward a negative airpressure zone proximate to the air intake port 556. The looseparticulates are suctioned up from the cleaning surface through the airintake port 556 and deposited into a waste container carried by therobot 100.

The first cleaning zone A is further defined by a nearly rectangularchannel formed between the air jet port 554 and the air intake port 556.The channel is defined by opposing forward and aft walls of arectangular recessed area 574, which is a contoured shape formed in thebottom surface of the robot chassis 200. The forward and aft walls aresubstantially transverse to the fore-aft axis 106. The channel isfurther defined by a first compliant doctor blade 576, attached to therobot chassis 200, e.g. along the aft edge of the recessed area 574, andextending from the chassis bottom surface to the cleaning surface. Thedoctor blade is mounted to make contact or near contact with thecleaning surface. The doctor blade 576 is preferably formed from a thinflexible and compliant molded material e.g. a 1-2 mm thick bar shapedelement molded from neoprene rubber or the like. The doctor blade 576,or at least a portion of the doctor blade, may be coated with a lowfriction material, e.g. a fluoropolymer resin for reducing frictionbetween the doctor blade and the cleaning surface. The doctor blade 576may be attached to the robot chassis 200 by an adhesive bond or by othersuitable means.

The channel of the first cleaning zone A provides an increased volumebetween the cleaning surface and the bottom surface of the robot chassis200 local to the first cleaning zone A. The increased volume guidesairflow between the jet port 554 and the air intake port 556, and thedoctor blade 576 prevents loose particulates and airflow from escapingthe first cleaning zone A in the aft direction. In addition to guidingthe air jet and the loose particulates across the cleaning width, thefirst doctor blade 576 may also exert a friction force againstcontaminants on the cleaning surface to help loosen contaminants fromthe cleaning surface as the robot moves in the forward direction. Thefirst compliant doctor blade 576 is configured to be sufficientlycompliant to adapt its profile form conforming to discontinuities in thecleaning surface, such a door jams moldings and trim pieces, withouthindering the forward travel of the robot 100.

A second compliant doctor blade 578 may also be disposed in the firstcleaning zone A to further guide the air jet toward the negativepressure zone surrounding the air intake port 554. The second compliantdoctor blade is similar in construction to the first compliant doctorblade 576 and attaches to the bottom surface of the robot chassis 200 tofurther guide the air and loose particulates moving through the channel.In one example, a second recessed area 579 is formed in the bottomsurface of the chassis 200 and the second compliant doctor blade 576protrudes into the first recessed area 574 at an acute angle typicallybetween 30-60° with respect to the traverse axis 108. The secondcompliant doctor blade extends from the forward edge of the recessedarea 574 and protrudes into the channel approximately ⅓ to ½ of channelfore-aft dimension.

The first cleaning zone A traverses the cleaning surface along acleaning path and collects loose particulates along the cleaning width.By collecting the loose particulates prior to the second cleaning zone Bpassing over the cleaning path, the loose particulates are collectedbefore the second cleaning zone applies cleaning fluid onto the cleaningsurface. One advantage of removing the loose particulates with the firstcleaning zone is that the loose particulates are removed while they arestill dry. Once the loose particulates absorb cleaning fluid applied bythe second cleaning zone, they are more difficult to collect. Moreover,the cleaning fluid absorbed by the loose particulates is not availablefor cleaning the surface so the cleaning efficiency of the secondcleaning zone B may be degraded.

In another embodiment, the first cleaning zone may be configured withother cleaning elements such as counter-rotating brushes extendingacross the cleaning width to flick loose particulates into a receptacle.In another embodiment, an air moving system may be configured to drawair and loose particulates up from the cleaning surface through anelongated air intake port extending across the cleaning width. Inparticular, other embodiments usable to provide a first cleaning zoneaccording to the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.6,883,201, by Jones et al. entitled Autonomous Floor-Cleaning Robot, theentire disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference it itsentirety.

Second Cleaning Zone

The second cleaning zone B includes a liquid applicator 700 configuredto apply a cleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface and the cleaningfluid is preferably applied uniformly across the entire cleaning width.The liquid applicator 700 is attached to the chassis 200 and includes atleast one nozzle configured to spray the cleaning fluid onto thecleaning surface. The second cleaning zone B may also include ascrubbing module 600 for performing other cleaning tasks across thecleaning width after the cleaning fluid has been applied onto thecleaning surface. The scrubbing module 600 may include a smearingelement disposed across the cleaning width for smearing the cleaningfluid to distribute it more uniformly on the cleaning surface. Thesecond cleaning zone B may also include a passive or active scrubbingelement configured to scrub the cleaning surface across the cleaningwidth. The second cleaning zone B may also include a second collectingapparatus configured to collect waste materials up from the cleaningsurface across the cleaning width, and the second collecting apparatusis especially configured for collecting liquid waste materials.

Liquid Applicator Module

The liquid applicator module 700, shown schematically in FIG. 5, isconfigured to apply a measured volume of cleaning fluid onto thecleaning surface across the cleaning width. The liquid applicator module700 receives a supply of cleaning fluid from a cleaning fluid supplycontainer S, carried on the chassis 200, and pumps the cleaning fluidthrough one or more spray nozzles disposed on the chassis 200. The spraynozzles are attached to the robot chassis 200 aft of the first cleaningzone A and each nozzle is oriented to apply cleaning fluid onto thecleaning surface. In a preferred embodiment, a pair of spray nozzle areattached to the robot chassis 200 at distal left and right edges of thecleaning width W. Each nozzle is oriented to spray cleaning fluid towardthe opposing end of the cleaning width. Each nozzles is separatelypumped to eject a spray pattern and the pumping stroke of each nozzleoccurs approximately 180 degrees out phase with respect to the othernozzle so that one of the two nozzles is always applying cleaning fluid.

Referring to FIG. 5, the liquid applicator module 700 includes acleaning fluid supply container S, which is carried by the chassis 200and removable therefrom by a user to refill the container with cleaningfluid. The supply container S is configured with a drain or exitaperture 702 formed through a base surface thereof. A fluid conduit 704receives cleaning fluid from the exit aperture 702 and delivers a supplyof cleaning fluid to a pump assembly 706. The pump assembly 706 includesleft and right pump portions 708 and 710, driven by a rotating cam,shown in FIG. 7. The left pump portion 708 pumps cleaning fluid to aleft spray nozzle 712 via a conduit 716 and the right pump portion 710pumps cleaning fluid to a right spray nozzle 714 via a conduit 718.

A stop valve assembly, shown in section view in FIG. 6, includes afemale upper portion 720, installed inside the supply container S, and amale portion 721 attached to the chassis 200. The female portion 720nominally closes and seals the exit aperture 702. The male portion 721opens the exit aperture 702 to provide access to the cleaning fluidinside the supply container S. The female portion 720 includes an upperhousing 722, a spring biased movable stop 724, a compression spring 726for biasing the stop 724 to a closed position, and a gasket 728 forsealing the exit aperture 702. The upper housing 722 may also support afilter element 730 inside the supply container S for filteringcontaminants from the cleaning fluid before the fluid exits the supplycontainer S.

The stop valve assembly male portion 721 includes a hollow male fitting732 formed to insert into the exit aperture 702 and penetrate the gasket728. Insertion of the hollow male fitting 732 into the exit aperture 702forces the movable stop 724 upward against the compression spring 726 toopen the stop valve. The hollow male fitting 732 is formed with a flowtube 734 along it central longitudinal axis and the flow tube 734includes one or more openings 735 at its uppermost end for receivingcleaning fluid into the flow tube 734. At its lower end, the flow tube734 is in fluid communication with a hose fitting 736 attached to orintegrally formed with the male fitting 732. The hose fitting 736comprises a tube element having a hollow fluid passage 737 passingtherethrough, and attaches to hose or fluid conduit 704 that receivesfluid from the hose fitting 736 and delivers the fluid to the pumpassembly 706. The flow tube 734 may also include a user removable filterelement 739 installed therein for filtering the cleaning fluid as itexits the supply container S.

According to the invention, the stop valve male portion 721 is fixed tothe chassis 200 and engages with the female portion 720, which is fixedto the container S. When the container S is installed onto the chassisin its operating position the male portion 721 engages with the femaleportion 720 to open the exit aperture 702. A supply of cleaning fluidflows from the supply container S to the pump assembly 706 and the flowmay be assisted by gravity or suctioned by the pump assembly or both.

The hose fitting 736 is further equipped with a pair of electricallyconductive elements, not shown, disposed on the internal surface of thehose fitting fluid flow passage 737 and the pair of conductive elementsinside the flow chamber are electrically isolated from each other. Ameasurement circuit, not shown, creates an electrical potentialdifference between the pair of electrically conductive elements and whencleaning fluid is present inside the flow passage 737 current flows fromone electrode to the other through the cleaning fluid and themeasurement circuit senses the current flow. When the container S isempty, the measurement circuit fails to sense the current flow and inresponse sends a supply container empty signal to the master controller300. In response to receiving the supply container empty signal, themaster controller 300 takes an appropriate action.

The pump assembly 706 as depicted in FIG. 5 includes a left pump portion708 and a right pump portion 710. The pump assembly 706 receives acontinuous flow of cleaning fluid from the supply container S andalternately delivers cleaning fluid to the left nozzle 712 and the rightnozzle 714. FIG. 7 depicts the pump assembly 706 in section view and thepump assembly 706 is shown mounted on the top surface of the chassis 200in FIG. 3. The pump assembly 706 includes cam element 738 mounted on amotor drive shaft for rotation about a rotation axis. The motor, notshown, is rotates the cam element 738 at a substantially constantangular velocity under the control of the master controller 300.However, the angular velocity of the cam element 738 may be increased ordecreased to vary the frequency of pumping of the left and right spaynozzles 712 and 714. In particular, the angular velocity of the camelement 738 controls the mass flow rate of cleaning fluid applied ontothe cleanings surface. According to one aspect of the present invention,the angular velocity of the cam element 738 may be adjusted inproportion to the robot forward velocity to apply a uniform volume ofcleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface irrespective of robot velocity.Alternately, changes in the angular velocity in the cam element 738 maybe used to increase or decrease the mass flow rate of cleaning fluidapplied onto the cleanings surface as desired.

The pump assembly 706 includes a rocker element 761 mounted to pivotabout a pivot axis 762. The rocker element 761 includes a pair ofopposed cam follower elements 764 on the left side and 766 on the rightside. Each cam follower 764 and 766 remains in constant contact with acircumferential profile of the cam element 738 as the cam elementrotates about its rotation axis. The rocker element 761 further includesa left pump actuator link 763 and a right pump actuator link 765. Eachpump actuator link 763 and 765 is fixedly attached to a correspondingleft pump chamber actuator nipple 759 and a right pump chamber actuatornipple 758. As will be readily understood, rotation of the cam element738 forces each of the cam follower elements 764 and 766 to follow thecam circumferential profile and the motion dictated by the cam profileis transferred by the rocker element 761 to each of the left and rightactuator nipples 759 and 758. As described below, the motion of theactuator nipples is used to pump cleaning fluid. The cam profile isparticularly shaped to cause the rocker element 761 to force the rightactuator nipple 758 downward while simultaneously lifting up on the leftactuator nipple 759, and this action occurs during the first 180 degreesof cam. Alternately, the second 180 degrees of cam rotation causes therocker element 761 to force the left actuator nipple 759 downward whilesimultaneously lifting up on the right actuator nipple 758.

The rocker element 761 further includes a sensor arm 767 supporting apermanent magnet 769 attached at its end. A magnetic field generated bythe magnet 769 interacts with an electrical circuit 771 supportedproximate to the magnet 769 and the circuit generates signals responsiveto changes in the orientation of magnetic field the signals are used totrack the operation of the pump assembly 706.

Referring to FIGS. 7-9, the pump assembly 706 further comprises aflexible membrane 744 mounted between opposing upper and lowernonflexible elements 746 and 748 respectively. Referring to the sectionview in FIG. 7 the flexible element 744 is captured between an uppernonflexible element 746 and a lower nonflexible element 748. Each of theupper nonflexible element 746, the flexible element 744 and the lowernonflexible element 748 is formed as a substantially rectangular sheethaving a generally uniform thickness. However, each element alsoincludes patterns of raised ridges depressed valleys and other surfacecontours formed on opposing surfaces thereof. FIG. 8 depicts a top viewof the flexible element 744 and FIG. 9 depicts a top view of the lowernonflexible element 748. The flexible element 744 is formed from aflexible membrane material such as neoprene rubber or the like and thenonflexible elements 748 and 746 are each formed from a stiff materialnonflexible such as moldable hard plastic or the like.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, each of the flexible element 744 and thenonflexible element 748 are symmetrical about a center axis designated Ein the figure. In particular, the left sides of each of the elements746, 744 and 748 combine to form a left pump portion and the rights sideof each of the elements 746, 744 and 748 combine to form a right pumpportion. The left and right pump portions are substantially identical.When the three elements are assembled together, the raised ridges,depressed valleys and surface contours of each element cooperate withraised ridges depressed valleys and surface contours of the contactingsurfaces of other of the elements to create fluid wells and passageways.The wells and passageways may be formed between the upper element 746and the flexible element 744 or between the lower nonflexible element748 and the flexible element 744. In general, the flexible element 744serves as a gasket layer for sealing the wells and passages and itsflexibility is used to react to changes in pressure to seal and or openpassages in response to local pressure changes as the pump operates. Inaddition, holes formed through the elements allow fluid to flow in andout of the pump assembly and to flow through the flexible element 744.

Using the right pump portion by way of example, cleaning fluid is drawninto the pump assembly through an aperture 765 formed in the center ofthe lower nonflexible element 748. The aperture 765 receives cleaningfluid from the fluid supply container via the conduit 704. The incomingfluid fills a passageway 766. Ridges 775 and 768 form a valley betweenthem and a mating raised ridge on the flexible 744 fills the valleybetween the ridges 775 and 768. This confines the fluid within thepassageway 766 and pressure seal the passageway. An aperture 774 passesthrough the flexible element 744 and is in fluid communication with thepassageway 766. When the pump chamber, described below, expands, theexpansion decreases the local pressure, which draws fluid into thepassageway 776 through the aperture 774.

Fluid drawn through the aperture 774 fills a well 772. The well 772 isformed between the flexible element 744 and the upper nonflexibleelement 746. A ridge 770 surrounds the well 772 and mates with a featureof the upper flexible element 746 to contain the fluid in the well 772and to pressure seal the well. The surface of the well 772 is flexiblesuch that when the pressure within the well 772 decreases, the base ofthe well is lifted to open the aperture 774 and draw fluid through theaperture 774. However, when the pressure within the well 772 increases,due to contraction of the pump chamber, the aperture 774 is forcedagainst a raised stop surface 773 directly aligned with the aperture andthe well 772 act as a trap valve. A second aperture 776 passes throughthe flexible element 744 to allow fluid to pass from the well 772through the flexible element 744 and into a pump chamber. The pumpchamber is formed between the flexible element 744 and the lowernonflexible element 748.

Referring to FIG. 7, a right pump chamber 752 is shown in section view.The chamber 752 includes a dome shaped flexure formed by an annular loop756. The dome shaped flexure is a surface contour of the flexibleelement 744. The annular loop 756 passes through a large aperture 760formed through the upper nonflexible element 746. The volume of the pumpchamber is expanded when the pump actuator 765 pulls up on the actuatornipple 758. The volume expansion decreases pressure within the pumpchamber and fluid is drawn into the chamber from the well 772. Thevolume of the pump chamber is decreased when the pump actuator 765pushes down on the actuator nipple 758. The decrease in volume withinthe chamber increases pressure and the increased pressure expels fluidout of the pump chamber.

The pump chamber is further defined by a well 780 formed in the lowernonflexible element 748. The well 780 is surrounded by a valley 784formed in the lower nonflexible element 748, shown in FIG. 9, and aridge 778 formed on the flexible element 744 mates with the valley 784to pressure seal the pump chamber. The pump chamber 752 further includesan exit aperture 782 formed through the lower nonflexible element 748and through which fluid is expelled. The exit aperture 782 deliversfluid to the right nozzle 714 via the conduit 718. The exit aperture 782is also opposed to a stop surface which acts as a check valve to closethe exit aperture 782 when the pump chamber is decreased.

Thus according to the present invention, cleaning fluid is drawn from acleaning supply container S by action of the pump assembly 706. The pumpassembly 706 comprises two separate pump chambers for pumping cleaningfluid to two separate spray nozzles. Each pump chamber is configuredeliver cleaning fluid to a single nozzle in response to a rapidincrease in pressure inside the pump chamber. The pressure inside thepump chamber is dictated by the cam profile, which is formed to drivefluid to each nozzle in order to spray a substantially uniform layer ofcleaning fluid onto the cleaning surface. In particular, the cam profileis configured to deliver a substantially uniform volume of cleaningfluid per unit length of cleaning width W. In generally, the liquidapplicator of the present invention is configured to apply cleaningfluid at a volumetric rate ranging from about 0.2 to 5.0 ml per squarefoot, and preferably in the range of about 0.6-2.0 ml per square foot.However depending upon the application, the liquid applicator of thepresent invention may apply any desired volumetric layer onto thesurface. In addition, the fluid applicator system of the presentinvention is usable to apply other liquids onto a floor surface such aswax, paint, disinfectant, chemical coatings, and the like.

As is further described below, a user may remove the supply container Sfrom the robot chassis and fill the supply container with a measuredvolume of clean water and a corresponding measured volume of a cleaningagent. The water and cleaning agent may be poured into the supplycontainer S through a supply container access aperture 168 which iscapped by a removable cap 172, shown in FIG. 17. The supply container Sis configured with a liquid volume capacity of approximately 1100 ml (37fluid ounces) and the desired volumes of cleaning agent and clean watermay be poured into the supply tank in a ratio appropriate for aparticular cleaning application.

Scrubbing Module

The scrubbing module 600, according to a preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, is shown in exploded isometric view in FIG. 10 and inthe robot bottom view shown in FIG. 2. The scrubbing module 600 isconfigured as a separate subassembly that attaches to the chassis 200but is removable therefrom, by a user, for cleaning or otherwiseservicing the cleaning elements thereof. However, other arrangements canbe configured without deviating from the present invention. Thescrubbing module 600 installs and latches into place within a hollowcavity 602, formed on the bottom side of the chassis 200. A profile ofthe hollow cavity 602 is displayed on the right side of the chassis 200in FIG. 3. The cleaning elements of the scrubbing module 600 arepositioned aft of the liquid applicator module 700 to perform cleaningoperations on a wet cleaning surface.

In a preferred embodiment, the scrubbing module 600 includes a passivesmearing brush 612 attached to a forward edge thereof and disposedacross the cleaning width. The smearing brush 612 extends downwardlyfrom the scrubbing module 600 and is configured to make contact or nearcontact with the cleaning surface across the cleaning width. As therobot 100 is transported in the forward direction the smearing brush 612moves over the pattern of cleaning fluid applied down by the liquidapplicator and smears, or more uniformly spreads the cleaning fluid overthe cleaning surface. The smearing brush 612, shown in FIGS. 2 and 10,comprises a plurality of soft compliant smearing bristles 614 with afirst end of each bristle being captured in a holder such as crimpedmetal channel, or other suitable holding element. A second end of eachsmearing bristle 614 is free to bend as each bristle makes contact withthe cleaning surface. The length and diameter of the smearing bristles614, as well as a nominal interference dimension that the smearingbristles makes with respect to the cleaning surface may be varied toadjust bristle stiffness and to thereby affect the smearing action. In apreferred embodiment of the present invention the smearing brush 612comprises nylon bristles with an average bristle diameter in the rangeof about 0.05-0.2 mm (0.002-0.008 inches). The nominal length of eachbristle 614 is approximately 16 mm (0.62 inches) between the holder andthe cleaning surface and the bristles 614 are configured with aninterference dimension of approximately 0.75 mm (0.03 inches). Thesmearing brush 612 may also wick up excess cleaning fluid applied to thecleaning surface and distribute the wicked up cleaning fluid to otherlocations. Of course, other smearing elements such as flexible compliantblade member a sponge elements or a rolling member in contact with thecleaning surface are also usable.

The scrubbing module 600 may include a scrubbing element e.g. 604;however, the present invention may be used without a scrubbing element.The scrubbing element contacts the cleaning surface during cleaningoperations and agitates the cleaning fluid to mix it with contaminantsto emulsify, dissolve or otherwise chemically react with contaminants.The scrubbing element also generates a shearing force as it moves withrespect to the cleaning surface and the force helps to break adhesionand other bonds between contaminants and the cleaning surface. Inaddition, the scrubbing element may be passive element or an active andmay contact the cleaning surface directly, may not contact the cleaningsurface at all or may be configured to be movable into and out ofcontact with the cleaning surface.

In one embodiment according to the present invention, a passivescrubbing element is attached to the scrubbing module 600 or otherattaching point on the chassis 200 and disposed to contact the cleaningsurface across the cleaning width. A force is generated between thepassive scrubbing element and the cleaning surface as the robot istransported in the forward direction. The passive scrubbing element maycomprise a plurality of scrubbing bristles held in contact with thecleaning surface, a woven or non-woven material, e.g. a scrubbing pad orsheet material held in contact with the cleaning surface, or a compliantsolid element such as a sponge or other compliant porous solid foamelement held in contact with the cleaning surface. In particular, aconventional scrubbing brush, sponge, or scrubbing pad used forscrubbing may be fixedly attached to the robot 100 and held in contactwith the cleaning surface across the cleaning width aft of the liquidapplicator to scrub the cleaning surface as the robot 100 advances overthe cleaning surface. In addition, the passive scrubbing element may beconfigured to be replaceable by a user or to be automaticallyreplenished, e.g. using a supply roll and a take up roll for advancingclean scrubbing material into contact with the cleaning surface.

In another embodiment according to the present invention, one or moreactive scrubbing elements are movable with respect to the cleaningsurface and with respect to the robot chassis. Movement of the activescrubbing elements increases the work done between scrubbing elementsand the cleaning surface. Each movable scrubbing element is driven formovement with respect to the chassis 200 by a drive module, alsoattached to the chassis 200. Active scrubbing elements may also comprisea scrubbing pad or sheet material held in contact with the cleaningsurface, or a compliant solid element such as a sponge or othercompliant porous solid foam element held in contact with the cleaningsurface and vibrated by a vibrating backing element. Other activescrubbing elements may also include a plurality of scrubbing bristles,and or any movably supported conventional scrubbing brush, sponge, orscrubbing pad used for scrubbing or an ultra sound emitter may also beused to generate scrubbing action. The relative motion between activescrubbing elements and the chassis may comprise linear and or rotarymotion and the active scrubbing elements may be configured to bereplaceable or cleanable by a user.

Referring now to FIGS. 10-12 a preferred embodiment of present inventionincludes an active scrubbing element. The active scrubbing elementcomprises a rotatable brush assembly 604 disposed across the cleaningwidth, aft of the liquid applicator nozzles 712, 714, for activelyscrubbing the cleaning surface after the cleaning fluid has been appliedthereon. The rotatable brush assembly 604 comprises a cylindricalbristle holder element 618 for supporting scrubbing bristles 616extending radially outward there from. The rotatable brush assembly 604is supported for rotation about a rotation axis that extendssubstantially parallel with the cleaning width. The scrubbing bristles616 are long enough to interfere with the cleaning surface duringrotation such that the scrubbing bristles 616 are bent by the contactwith the cleaning surface.

Scrubbing bristles 616 are installed in the brush assembly in groups orclumps with each clump comprising a plurality of bristles held by asingle attaching device or holder. Clumps locations are disposed along alongitudinal length of the bristle holder element 618 in a pattern. Thepattern places at least one bristle clump in contact with cleaningsurface across the cleaning width during each revolution of therotatable brush element 604. The rotation of the brush element 604 isclockwise as viewed from the right side such that relative motionbetween the scrubbing bristles 616 and the cleaning surface tends toflick loose contaminants and waste liquid in the aft direction. Inaddition, the friction force generated by clockwise rotation of thebrush element 604 tends drive the robot in the forward direction therebyadding to the forward driving force of the robot transport drive system.The nominal dimension of each scrubbing bristles 616 extended from thecylindrical holder 618 causes the bristle to interfere with the cleaningsurface and there for bend as it makes contact with the surface. Theinterference dimension is the length of bristle that is in excess of thelength required to make contact with the cleaning surface. Each of thesedimensions plus the nominal diameter of the scrubbing bristles 616 maybe varied to affect bristle stiffness and therefore the resultingscrubbing action. Applicants have found that configuring the scrubbingbrush element 604 with nylon bristles having a bend dimension ofapproximately 16-40 mm (0.62-1.6 inches) a bristle diameter ofapproximately 0.15 mm (0.006 inches) and an interference dimension ofapproximately 0.75 mm (0.03 inches) provides good scrubbing performance.In another example, stripes of scrubbing material may be disposed alonga longitudinal length of the bristle holder element 618 in a patternattached thereto for rotation therewith.

Squeegee and Wet Vacuuming

The scrubbing module 600 may also include a second collecting apparatusconfigured to collect waste liquid from the cleaning surface across thecleaning width. The second collecting apparatus is generally positionedaft of the liquid applicator nozzles 712, 714, aft of the smearingbrush, and aft of the scrubbing element. In a preferred embodimentaccording to the present invention, a scrubbing module 600 is shown insection view in FIG. 12A. The smearing element 612 is shown attached tothe scrubbing module at its forward edge and the rotatable scrubbingbrush assembly 604 is shown mounted in the center of the scrubbingmodule. Aft of the scrubbing brush assembly 604, a squeegee 630 contactsthe cleaning surface across its entire cleaning width to collect wasteliquid as the robot 100 advances in the forward direction. A vacuumsystem draws air in through ports in the squeegee to suction wasteliquid up from the cleaning surface. The vacuum system deposits thewaste liquid into a waste storage container carried on the robot chassis200.

As detailed in the section view of FIG. 12A, the squeegee 630 comprisesa vertical element 1002 and a horizontal element 1004. Each of theelements 1002 and 1004 are formed from a substantially flexible andcompliant material such as neoprene rubber, silicone or the like. Asingle piece squeegee construction is also usable. In a preferredembodiment, the vertical element 1002 comprises a more flexibledurometer material and is more bendable and compliant than thehorizontal element 1004. The vertical squeegee element 1002 contacts thecleaning surface at a lower edge 1006 or along a forward facing surfaceof the vertical element 1002 when the vertical element is slightly benttoward the rear by interference with the cleaning surface. The loweredge 1006 or forward surface remains in contact with the cleaningsurface during robot forward motion and collects waste liquid along theforward surface. The waste liquid pools up along the entire length ofthe forward surface and lower edge 1006. The horizontal squeegee element1004 includes spacer elements 1008 extending rear ward form its mainbody 1010 and the spacer elements 1008 defined a suction channel 1012between the vertical squeegee element 1002 and the horizontal squeegeeelement 1004. The spacer elements 1008 are discreet elements disposedalong the entire cleaning width with open space between adjacent spacerelements 1008 providing a passage for waste liquid to be suctionedthrough.

A vacuum interface port 1014 is provided in the top wall of the scrubbermodule 600. The vacuum port 1014 communicates with the robot air movingsystem and withdraws air through the vacuum port 1014. The scrubbermodule 600 is configured with a sealed vacuum chamber 1016, whichextends from the vacuum port 1014 to the suction channel 1012 andextends along the entire cleaning width. Air drawn from the vacuumchamber 1016 reduces the air pressure at the outlet of the suctionchannel 1012 and the reduced air pressures draws in waste liquid and airfrom the cleaning surface. The waste liquid drawing in through thesuction channel 1012 enters the chamber 1016 and is suctioned out of thechamber 1016 and eventually deposited into a waste material container bythe robot air moving system. Each of the horizontal squeegee element1010 and the vertical squeegee element 1002 form walls of the vacuumchamber 1016 and the squeegee interfaces with the surrounding scrubbingmodule elements are configured to pressure seal the chamber 1016. Inaddition, the spacers 1008 are formed with sufficient stiffness toprevent the suction channel 1012 form closing.

The squeegee vertical element 1002 includes a flexure loop 1018 formedat its mid point. The flexure loop 1018 provides a pivot axis aboutwhich the lower end of the squeegee vertical element can pivot when thesqueegee lower edge 1006 encounters a bump or other discontinuity in thecleaning surface. This also allows the edge 1006 to flex as the robotchanges travel direction. When the squeegee lower edge 1006 is free ofthe bump or discontinuity it returns to its normal operating position.The waste liquid is further suctioned into the waste liquid storagecontainer as described below with respect to FIG. 10.

In an alternative shown in FIG. 12B, the second collecting apparatuscomprises a squeegee 630 interconnected with a vacuum system. Thesqueegee 630 collects waste liquid in a liquid collection volume 676formed between a longitudinal edge of the squeegee and the cleaningsurface as the robot 100 advances in the forward direction. The vacuumsystem interfaces with the liquid collection volume to suction the wasteliquid up from the cleaning surface and deposit the waste liquid in awaste storage tank carried on the robot chassis 200. The squeegee 630 isshown in FIG. 10 and in section view in FIG. 12B.

As shown in FIG. 12B, the squeegee 630 comprises a substantiallyflexible and compliant element molded from a neoprene rubber, or thelike, attached to the aft end of the scrubbing module 600 and disposedacross the cleaning width. The squeegee extends downward from thechassis 200 to make contact or near contact with the cleaning surface.In particular, the squeegee 630 attaches to the aft edge of the scrubbermodule 600 at a scrubber module lower housing element 634 and extendsdownwardly to contact or nearly contact the cleaning surface. As shownin FIG. 12B, the squeegee 630 includes a substantially horizontal lowersection 652 that extends aft of and downwardly from the lower housingelement 634 toward the cleaning surface. A forward edge of the squeegeehorizontal lower section 652 includes a plurality of through holes 654,uniformly disposed across the cleaning width. Each of the plurality ofthrough holes 654 interfaces with a corresponding mounting finger 656formed on the lower housing element 634. The interlaced through holes652 and mounting fingers 654 locate the forward edge of the squeegee 630with respect to the lower housing 634 and an adhesive layer appliedbetween the interlaced elements fluid seals the squeegee lower housinginterface at the forward edge.

The squeegee 630 in FIG. 12B is further configured with an aft section658 that attaches to an aft edge of the lower housing element 634 alongthe cleaning width. A plurality of aft extending mounting fingers 660are formed on the lower housing element 634 to receive correspondingthrough holes formed on the squeegee aft section 658. The interlacedthrough holes 662 and aft mounting fingers 660 locate the squeegee aftsection 658 with respect to the lower housing 634 and an adhesive layerapplied between the interlaced elements fluid seals the squeegee lowerhousing interface at the aft edge. Of course, any attaching means can beemployed.

As further shown in FIG. 12B, a vacuum chamber 664 is formed by surfacesof the squeegee lower section 652, the squeegee aft section 658 andsurfaces of the lower housing element 634. The vacuum chamber 664extends longitudinally along the squeegee and lower housing interfaceacross the cleaning width and is fluidly connected with a waste liquidstorage tank carried by the chassis by one or more fluid conduits 666,described below. In a preferred embodiment of FIG. 12B, two fluidconduits 666 interface with the vacuum chamber 664 at distal endsthereof. Each of the fluid conduits 666 couple to the vacuum chamber 664via an elastomeric sealing gasket 670. The gasket 670 installs in anaperture of the lower housing 634 and is held therein by an adhesivebond, interference fit or other appropriate holding means. The gasket670 includes an aperture passing therethrough and is sized to receivethe fluid conduit 666 therein. The outside wall of the conduit 666 istapered to provide a lead in to the gasket 670. The conduit 666 isintegral with the waste liquid storage container and makes a liquid gastight seal with the gasket 670 when fully inserted therein.

The squeegee of FIG. 12B includes a longitudinal ridge 672 formed at aninterface between the horizontal lower section 652 and the aft section658 across the cleaning width. The ridge 672 is supported in contactwith, or nearly in contact with, the cleaning surface during normaloperation. Forward of the ridge 672 the horizontal lower section 652 iscontoured to provide the waste liquid collecting volume 674. A pluralityof suction ports 668 extend from the liquid collecting volume 674,through the squeegee horizontal lower section 652 and into the vacuumchamber 664. When negative air pressure is generated within the vacuumchamber 664, waste liquid is drawn up from the liquid collecting volume674 into the vacuum chamber 664. The waste liquid is further suctionedinto the waste liquid storage container as described below.

Referring to FIG. 10, the scrubbing module 600 is formed as a separatesubsystem that is removable from the robot chassis. The scrubbing module600 includes support elements comprising a molded two-part housingformed by the lower housing element 634 and a mating upper housingelement 636. The lower and upper housing elements are formed to housethe rotatable scrubbing brush assembly 604 therein and to support it forrotation with respect to the chassis. The lower and upper housingelements 634 and 636 are attached together at a forward edge thereof bya hinged attaching arrangement. Each housing element 634 and 636includes a plurality of interlacing hinge elements 638 for receiving ahinge rod 640 therein to form the hinged connection. Of course, otherhinging arrangements can be used. The lower and upper housing elements634 and 636 form a longitudinal cavity for capturing the rotatablescrubbing brush assembly 604 therein and may be opened by a user whenthe scrubbing module 600 is removed from the robot 100. The user maythen remove the rotatable scrubbing brush assembly 604 from the housingto clean it replace it or to clear a jam.

The rotatable scrubbing brush assembly 604 comprises the cylindricalbristle holder 618, which may be formed as a solid element such as asold shaft formed of glass-filled ABS plastic or glass-filled nylon.Alternately the bristle holder 618 may comprise a molded shaft with acore support shaft 642 inserted through a longitudinal bore formedthrough the molded shaft. The core support shaft 642 may be installed bya press fit or other appropriate attaching means for fixedly attachingthe bristle holder 618 and the core support shaft 642 together. The coresupport shaft 642 is provided to stiffen the brush assembly 604 and istherefore formed from a stiff material such as a stainless steel rodwith a diameter of approximately 10-15 mm (0.4-0.6 inches). The coresupport shaft 642 is formed with sufficient stiffness to preventexcessive bending of the cylindrical brush holder. In addition, the coresupport shaft 642 may be configured to resist corrosion and or abrasionduring normal use.

The bristle holder 618 is configured with a plurality of bristlereceiving holes 620 bored or otherwise formed perpendicular with therotation axis of the scrubbing brush assembly 604. Bristle receivingholes 620 are filled with clumps of scrubbing bristles 616 which arebonded or otherwise held therein. In one example embodiment, two spiralpatterns of receiving holes 620 are populated with bristles 616. A firstspiral pattern has a first clump 622 and a second clump 624 andsubsequent bristle clumps follow a spiral path pattern 626 around theholder outside diameter. A second spiral pattern 628 starts with a firstclump 630 substantially diametrically opposed to the clump 622. Eachpattern of bristle clumps is offset along the bristle holderlongitudinal axis to contact different points across the cleaning width.However, the patterns are arranged to scrub the entire cleaning widthwith each full rotation of the bristle holder 618. In addition, thepattern is arranged to fully contact only a small number of bristleclumps with cleaning surface simultaneously, (e.g., two) in order toreduce the bending force exerted upon and the torque required to rotatethe scrubbing brush assembly 604. Of course, other scrubbing brushconfigurations having different bristle patterns, materials andinsertion angles are usable. In particular, bristles at the right edgeof the scrubbing element may be inserted at an angle and made longer toextend the cleaning action of the scrubbing brush further toward theright edge of the robot for cleaning near the edge of a wall.

The scrubbing brush assembly 604 couples with a scrubbing brush rotarydrive module 606 which is shown schematically in FIG. 13. The scrubbingbrush rotary drive module 606 includes a DC brush rotary drive motor608, which is driven at a constant angular velocity by a motor driver650. The motor driver 650 is set to drive the motor 608 at a voltage andDC current level that provides the desired angular velocity of therotary brush assembly 604, which in a preferred embodiment is about 1500RPM. The drive motor 608 is coupled to a mechanical drive transmission610 that increases the drive torque and transfers the rotary drive axisfrom the drive motor 608, which is positioned on the top side of thechassis 200, to the rotation axis of the scrubbing brush assembly 604,which is positioned on a bottom side of the chassis 200. A drivecoupling 642 extends from the mechanical drive transmission 610 andmates with the rotatable scrubbing brush assembly 604 at its left end.The action of sliding the scrubber module 600 into the cavity 602couples the left end of the rotatable brush assembly 604 with the drivecoupling 642. Coupling of the rotatable brush assembly 604 aligns itsleft end with a desired rotation axis, supports the left end forrotation, and delivers a rotary drive force to the left end. The rightend of the brush assembly 604 includes a bushing or other rotationalsupport element 643 for interfacing with bearing surfaces provided onthe module housing elements 634, 636.

The scrubber module 600 further includes a molded right end element 644,which encloses the right end of the module to prevent debris and sprayfrom escaping the module. The right end element 644 is finished on itsexternal surfaces to integrate with the style and form of adjacentexternal surfaces of the robot 100. The lower housing element 634 isconfigured to provide attaching features for attaching the smearingbrush 612 to its forward edge and for attaching the squeegee 630 to itsaft edge. A pivotal latching element 646 is shown in FIG. 10 and is usedto latch the scrubber module 600 in its operating position when it iscorrectly installed in the cavity 632. The latch 646 attaches toattaching features provided on the top side of the chassis 200 and isbiased into a closed position by a torsion spring 648. A latching claw649 passes through the chassis 200 and latches onto a hook elementformed on the upper housing 636. The structural elements of the wetcleaning module 600 may be molded from a suitable plastic material suchas a polycarbonate, ABS, or other materials or combinations ofmaterials. In particular, these include the lower housing 634, the upperhousing 636, the right end element 644, and the latch 646.

Air Moving Subsystems

FIG. 14 depicts a schematic representation of a wet dry vacuum module500 and its interface with the cleaning elements of the robot 100. Thewet dry vacuum module 500 interfaces with the first collecting apparatusto suction up loose particulates from the cleaning surface and with thesecond collecting apparatus to suction up waste liquid from the cleaningsurface. The wet dry vacuum module 500 also interfaces with anintegrated liquid storage container 800 attached to the chassis 200 anddeposits loose particulates and waste liquid into one or more wastecontainers housed therein.

Referring to FIGS. 14 and 15, the wet dry vacuum module 500 comprises asingle fan assembly 502; however, two or more fans can be used withoutdeviating from the present invention. The fan assembly 502 includes arotary fan motor 504, having a fixed housing 506 and a rotating shaft508 extending therefrom. The fixed motor housing 506 attaches to the fanassembly 502 at an external surface of a rear shroud 510 by threadedfasteners, or the like. The motor shaft 508 extends through the rearshroud 510 and a fan impeller 512 is attached to the motor shaft 508 bya press fit, or by another appropriate attaching means, for causing theimpeller 512 to rotate with the motor shaft 508. A front shroud 514couples with the rear shroud 510 for housing the fan impeller 512 in ahollow cavity formed between the front and rear shrouds. The fan frontshroud 514 includes a circular air intake port 516 formed integraltherewith and positioned substantially coaxial with a rotation axis ofthe motor shaft 508 and impeller 512. The front and rear shrouds 510,514 together form an air exit port 518 at a distal radial edge of thefan assembly 502.

The fan impeller 512 generally comprises a plurality of blade elementsarranged about a central rotation axis thereof and is configured to drawair axially inward along its rotation axis and expel the air radiallyoutward when the impeller 718 is rotated. Rotation of the impeller 512creates a negative air pressure zone, or vacuum, on its input side and apositive air pressure zone at its output side. The fan motor 710 isconfigured to rotate the impeller 715 at a substantially constant rateof rotational velocity, e.g. 14,000 RPM.

As shown schematically in FIG. 14, a closed air duct or conduit 552 isconnected between the fan housing exit port 518 and the air jet port 554of the first cleaning zone A and delivers high pressure air to the airjet port 554. At the opposite end of the first cleaning zone A, a closedair duct or conduit 558 connects the air intake port 556 with theintegrated liquid storage container module 800 at a container intakeaperture 557. Integral with the integrated storage container 800, aconduit 832, detailed below, connects the container intake aperture 557with a plenum 562. The plenum 562 comprises a union for receiving aplurality of air ducts connected thereto. The plenum 562 is disposedabove a waste storage container portion of the integrated liquid storagecontainer module 800. The plenum 562 and waste container portion areconfigured to deposit loose particulates suctioned up from the cleaningsurface by the air intake port 556 into the waste container. The plenum652 is in fluid communication with the fan intake port 516 via a closedair duct or conduit comprising a conduit 564, not shown, connectedbetween the fan assembly and a container air exit aperture 566. Thecontainer air exit aperture 566 is fluidly connected with the plenum 562by an air conduit 830 that is incorporated within the integrated liquidstorage tank module 800. Rotation of the fan impeller 512 generates anegative air pressure or vacuum inside the plenum 560. The negative airpressure generated within the plenum 560 draws air and looseparticulates in from the air intake port 556.

As further shown schematically in FIG. 14, a pair of closed air ducts orconduits 666 interface with scrubbing module 600 of the second cleaningzone B. The air conduits 666, shown in section view in FIG. 10 compriseexternal tubes extending downwardly from the integrated liquid containermodule 800. The external tubes 666 insert into the scrubber module upperhousing gaskets 670.

As shown in FIG. 14, conduits 834 and 836 fluidly connect each externaltube 666 to the plenum 652. Negative air pressure generated within theplenum 652 draws air from the vacuum chamber 664 via the conduits 834,836 and 666 to suction waste liquid from the cleaning surface via thesuction ports 668 passing from the vacuum chamber 664 to the wasteliquid collecting volume 674. The waste liquid is draw into the plenum562 and deposited into the waste liquid storage container.

Of course other wet dry vacuum configurations are contemplated withoutdeviating from the present invention. In one example, a first fanassembly may be configured to collect loose particulates from the firstcleaning zone and deposit the loose particulates in the first wastestorage container and a second fan assembly may be configured to collectwaste liquid from the second cleaning zone and deposit the waste liquidinto a second waste storage container.

Integrated Liquid Storage Tank

Elements of the integrated liquid storage container module 800 are shownin FIGS. 1, 12, 14, 16 and 17. Referring to FIG. 16, the integratedliquid storage container 800 is formed with at least two liquid storagecontainer portions. One container portion comprises a waste containerportion and the second container portion comprises a cleaning fluidstorage container portion. In another embodiment of the presentinvention the two storage containers are formed as an integral unit thatis configured to attach to the chassis 200 and to be removable from thechassis by a user to empty the waste container portion and to fill thecleaning fluid container portion. In an alternate embodiment, theintegrated storage containers can be filled and emptied autonomouslywhen the robot 100 is docked with a bas station configured fortransferring cleaning fluid and waste material to and from the robot100. The cleaning fluid container portion S comprises a sealed supplytank for holding a supply of the cleaning fluid. The waste containerportion W comprises a sealed waste tank for storing loose particulatescollected by the first collecting apparatus and for storing waste liquidcollected by the second collecting apparatus.

The waste container W comprises a first molded plastic element formedwith a base surface 804 and an integrally formed perimeter wall 806disposed generally orthogonal from the base surface 804. The basesurface 804 is formed with various contours to conform to the spaceavailable on the chassis 200 and to provide a detent area 164 that isused to orient the integrated liquid storage container module 800 on thechassis 200. The detent 164 includes a pair of channels 808 thatinterface with corresponding alignment rails 208 formed on a hingeelement 202, attached to the chassis 200 and described below. Theperimeter wall 806 includes finished external surfaces 810 that arecolored and formed in accordance with the style and form of otherexternal robot surfaces. The waste tank D may also include a tank levelsensor housed therein and be configured to communicate a tank levelsignal to the master controller 300 when the waste tank D is full. Thelevel sensor may comprise a pair of conductive electrodes disposedinside the tank and separated from each other. A measurement circuitapplies an electrical potential difference between the electrodes fromoutside the tank. When the tank is empty no current flow between theelectrodes. However, when both electrodes are submerged in waste liquid,current flows through the waste liquid from one electrode to the other.Accordingly, the electrodes may be located at positions with the tankfor sensing the level of fluid within the tank.

The cleaning fluid storage container S is formed in part by a secondmolded plastic element 812. The second molded element 812 is generallycircular in cross-section and formed with a substantially uniformthickness between opposing top and bottom surfaces. The element 812mates with the waste container perimeter wall 810 and is bonded orotherwise attached thereto to seal the waste container W. The plenum 562is incorporated into the second molded element 812 and positionedvertically above the waste container W when the cleaning robot isoperating. The plenum 562 may also comprise a separate molded element.

The second molded element 812 is contoured to provide a second containerportion for holding a supply of cleaning fluid. The second containerportion is formed in part by a downwardly sloping forward section havingan integrally formed first perimeter wall 816 disposed in a generallyvertically upward direction. The first perimeter wall 816 forms a firstportion of an enclosing perimeter wall of the liquid storage containerS. The molded element 812 is further contoured to conform to the spaceavailable on the chassis 200. The molded element 812 also includes thecontainer air input aperture 840, for interfacing with first cleaningzone air conduit 558. The molded element 812 also includes the containerair exit aperture 838, for interfacing with the fan assembly 502 via theconduit 564.

A molded cover assembly 818 attaches to the molded element 812. Thecover assembly 818 includes a second portion of the supply tankperimeter wall formed thereon and provides a top wall 824 of the supplytank enclosure. The cover assembly 818 attaches to the first perimeterwall portion 816 and to other surfaces of the molded element 814 and isbonded or otherwise attached thereto to seal the supply container S. Thesupply container S may include a tank empty sensor housed therein and beconfigured to communicate a tank empty signal to the master controller300 when the upper tank is empty.

The cover assembly 818 comprises a molded plastic cover element havingfinished external surfaces 820, 822 and 824. The finished externalsurfaces are finished in accordance with the style and form of otherexternal robot surfaces and may therefore be colored and or styledappropriately. The cover assembly 818 includes user access ports 166,168 to the waste container W to the supply container S, respectively.The cover assembly 818 also includes the handle 162 and a handle pivotelement 163 attached thereto and operable to unlatch the integratedliquid storage tank 800 from the chassis 200 or to pick up the entirerobot 100.

According to the invention, the plenum 562 and each of the air conduits830, 832, 834 and 836 are inside the cleaning fluid supply container Sand the inter-connections of each of these elements are liquid and gassealed to prevent cleaning fluid and waste materials from being mixedtogether. The plenum 562 is formed vertically above the waste containerW so that waste liquid waste and loose particulates suctioned into theplenum 562 will drop into the waste container W under the force ofgravity. The plenum side surfaces 828 include four apertures formedtherethrough for interconnecting the plenum 562 with the four closed airconduits interfaced therewith. Each of the four closed air conduits 830,832, 834 and 836 may comprise a molded plastic tube element formed withends configured to interface with an appropriate mating aperture.

As shown in FIG. 16, the container air exit aperture 838 is generallyrectangular and the conduit 830 connecting the container air exitaperture 838 and the plenum 562 is shaped with a generally rectangularend. This configuration provides a large area exit aperture 838 forreceiving an air filter associated therewith. The air filter is attachedto the fan intake conduit 564 to filter air drawn in by the fan assembly502. When the integrated storage tank 800 is removed from the robot, theair filter remains attached to the air conduit 564 and may be cleaned inplace or removed for cleaning or replacement as required. The area ofthe air filter and the container exit aperture 838 are formed largeenough to allow the wet dry vacuum system to operate even when up toabout 50% or more of the air flow through the filter is blocked bydebris trapped therein. Each of the container apertures 840 and 838 areconfigured with a gasket, not shown, positioned external to thecontainer aperture. The gaskets provide substantially airtight sealsbetween the container assembly 800 and the conduits 564 and 558. In apreferred embodiment, the gaskets remain affixed to the chassis 200 whenthe integrated liquid supply container 800 is removed from the chassis200. The seal is formed when the container assembly 800 is latched inplace on the robot chassis. In addition, some of the container aperturesmay include a flap seal or the like for preventing liquid from exitingthe container while it is carried by a user. The flap seal remainsattached to the container.

Thus according to the present invention, the fan assembly 502 generatesa negative pressure of vacuum which evacuates air conduit 564, draws airthrough the air filter disposed at the end of air conduit 564, evacuatesthe fan intake conduit 830 and the plenum 562. The vacuum generated inthe plenum 562 draws air from each of the conduits connected thereto tosuction up loose particulates proximate to the air intake port 556 andto draw waste liquid up from the cleaning surface via the air conduits834, 836 and 666, and via the vacuum chamber 664 and the suction ports668. The loose particulates and waste liquid are drawn into the plenum562 and fall into the waste container W.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 3, 16 and 17 the integrated liquid storagecontainer 800 attaches to a top side of the robot chassis 200 by a hingeelement 202. The hinge element 202 is pivotally attached to the robotchassis 200 at an aft edge thereof. The liquid storage container 800 isremovable from the robot chassis 200 by a user and the user may fill thecleaning fluid supply container S with clean water and a measured volumeof cleaning fluid such as soap or detergent. The user may also emptywaste from the waste container W and flush out the waste container ifneeded.

To facilitate handling, the integrated liquid storage tank 800 includesa user graspable handle 162 formed integral with the cover assembly 818at a forward edge of the robot 100. The handle 162 includes a pivotelement 163 attached thereto by a hinge arrangement to the coverassembly 818. In one mode of operation, a user may grasp the handle 162to pick up the entire robot 100 thereby. In a preferred embodiment, therobot 100 weights approximately 3-5 kg, (6.6-11 pounds), when filledwith liquids, and can be easily carried by the user in one hand.

In a second mode of operation, the handle 162 is used to remove theintegrated tank 800 from the chassis 200. In this mode, the user pressesdown on an aft edge of the handle 162 to initially pivot the handledownward. The action of the downward pivot releases a latchingmechanism, not shown, that attaches a forward edge of the liquid storagecontainer 800 to the robot chassis 200. With the latching mechanismunlatched the user grasps the handle 162 and lifts vertically upwardly.The lifting force pivots the entire container assembly 800 about a pivotaxis 204, provided by a hinge element which pivotally attached to theaft edge of the chassis 200. The hinge element 202 supports the aft endof the integrated liquid storage container 800 on the chassis 200 andfurther lifting of the handle rotates the hinge element 202 to an openposition that facilities removal of the container assembly 800 from thechassis 200. In the open position, the forward edge of the liquidstorage container 800 is elevated such that further lifting of thehandle 162 lifts the liquid storage tank 800 out of engagement with thehinge element 202 and separates it from the robot 100.

As shown in FIG. 17, the integrated liquid storage container 800 isformed with recessed aft exterior surfaces forming a detent area 164 andthe detent area 164 is form matched to a receiving area of the hingeelement 202. As shown in FIG. 3, the hinge element receiving areacomprises a clevis-like cradle having upper and lower opposed walls 204and 206 form matched to engage with and orient the storage containerdetent area 164. The alignment of the detent area 164 and the hingewalls 204 and 206 aligns the integrated storage container 800 with therobot chassis 200 and with the latching mechanism used to attach thecontainer forward edge to the chassis 200. In particular, the lower wall206 includes alignment rails 208 form-matched to mate with grooves 808formed on the bottom side of the detent area 164. In FIG. 3, the hingeelement 202 is shown pivoted to a fully open position for loading andunloading the storage container 800. The loading and unloading positionis rotated approximately 75° from a closed or operating position;however, other loading and unloading orientations are contemplated. Inthe loading and unloading position, the storage container detent area164 is easily engaged or disengaged from the clevis-like cradle of thehinge element 202. As shown in FIG. 1, the integrated liquid storagetank 800 and the hinge element 202 are configured to provide finishedexternal surfaces that integrate smoothly and stylishly with otherexternal surfaces of the robot 100.

Two access ports are provided on an upper surface of the liquid storagecontainer 800 in the detent area 164 and these are shown in FIGS. 16 and17. The access ports are located in the detent area 164 so as to behidden by the hinge element upper wall 204 when the liquid storage tankassembly 800 is in installed in the robot chassis 200. A left accessport 166 provides user access to the waste container W through theplenum 562. A right access port 168 provides user access to the cleaningfluid storage container S. The left and right access ports 166, 168 aresealed by user removable tank caps that may be color or form coded to bereadily distinguishable.

Transport Drive System 900

In a preferred embodiment, the robot 100 is supported for transport overthe cleaning surface by a three-point transport system 900. Thetransport system 900 comprises a pair of independent rear transportdrive wheel modules 902 on the left side, and 904 on the right side,attached to the chassis 200 aft of the cleaning modules. In a preferredembodiment, the rear independent drive wheels 902 and 904 are supportedto rotate about a common drive axis 906 that is substantially parallelwith the transverse axis 108. However, each drive wheel may be cantedwith respect to the transverse axis 108 such that each drive wheel hasits own drive axis orientation. The drive wheel modules 902 and 904 areindependently driven and controlled by the master controller 300 toadvance the robot in any desired direction. The left drive module 902 isshown protruding from the underside of the chassis 200 in FIG. 3 and theright drive module 904 is shown mounted to a top surface of the chassis200 in FIG. 4. In a preferred embodiment, each of the left and rightdrive modules 902 and 904 is pivotally attached to the chassis 200 andforced into engagement with the cleaning surface by leaf springs 908,shown in FIG. 3. The leaf springs 908 are mounted to bias the each reardrive module to pivot downwardly toward the cleaning surface when thedrive wheel goes over a cliff or is otherwise lifted from the cleaningsurface. A wheel sensor associated with each drive wheel senses when awheel pivots down and sends a signal to the master controller 300.

The drive wheels of the present invention are particularly configuredfor operating on wet soapy surfaces. In particular, as shown in FIG. 20,each drive wheel 1100 comprises a cup shaped wheel element 1102, whichattaches to the a drive wheel module, 902 and 904. The drive wheelmodule includes a drive motor and drive train transmission for drivingthe drive wheel for transport. The drive wheel module may also includesensor for detecting wheel slip with respect to the cleaning surface.

The cup shaped wheel elements 1102 is formed from a stiff material suchas a hard molded plastic to maintain the wheel shape and to providestiffness. The cup shaped wheel element 1102 provides an outer diameter1104 sized to receive an annular tire element 1106 thereon. The annulartire element 1106 is configured to provide a non-slip high frictiondrive surface for contacting the wet cleaning surface and formaintaining traction on the wet soapy surface.

The annular tire element 1106 comprises an internal diameter 1108 ofapproximately 37 mm and sized to fit appropriately over the outerdiameter 1104. The tire may be bonded taped or otherwise contacted tothe outer diameter 1104 to prevent slipping between the tire insidediameter 1108 and the outside diameter 1104. The tire radial thickness1110 is approximately 3 mm. The tire material comprises a chloroprenehomopolymer stabilized with thiuram disulfide black with a density of 15pounds per cubic foot foamed to a cell size of 0.1 mm plus or minus0.002 mm. The the has a post-foamed hardness 69 shore 00. The tirematerial is sold by Monmouth Rubber and plastics Corporation under thetrade name DURAFOAM DK5151HD.

To increase traction, the outside diameter of the tire is sipped. In atleast one instance, the term sipped refers to slicing the tire materialto provide a pattern of thin grooves 1110 in the tire outside diameter.In a preferred embodiment, each groove has a depth of approximately 1.5mm and a width or approximately 20 to 300 microns. The groove patternprovides grooves that are substantially evenly spaced apart withapproximately 2 to 200 mm spaces between adjacent grooves. The groovecut axis makes an angle G with the tire longitudinal axis and the angleG ranges from 10-50 degrees.

The nose wheel module 960, shown in exploded view in FIG. 18 and insection view in FIG. 19, includes a nose wheel 962 housed in a casterhousing 964 and attached to a vertical support assembly 966. The nosewheel module 960 attaches to the chassis 200 forward of the cleaningmodules and provide a third support element for supporting the chassis200 with respect to the cleaning surface. The vertical support assembly966 is pivotally attached to the caster housing 964 at a lower endthereof and allows the caster housing to pivot away from the chassis 200when the chassis is lifted from the cleaning surface or when the nosewheel goes over a cliff. A top end of the vertical support assembly 966passes through the chassis 200 and is rotatably supported with respectthereto to allow the entire nose wheel module 960 to rotate freely abouta substantially vertical axis as the robot 100 is being transported overthe cleaning surface by the rear transport drive wheels 902 and 904.Accordingly, the nose wheel module is self-aligning with respect to thedirection of robot transport.

The chassis 200 is equipped with a nose wheel mounting well 968 forreceiving the nose wheel module 960 therein. The well 968 is formed onthe bottom side of the chassis 200 at a forward circumferential edgethereof. The top end of the vertical support assembly 966 passes througha hole through the chassis 200 and is captured in the hole to attach thenose wheel to the chassis. The top end of the vertical support assembly966 also interfaces with sensor elements attached to the chassis 200 onits top side.

The nose wheel assembly 962 is configured with a molded plastic wheel972 having axle protrusions 974 extending therefrom and is supported forrotation with respect to the caster housing 964 by opposed co-alignedaxle holes 970 forming a drive wheel rotation axis. The plastic wheel972 includes with three circumferential grooves in its outer diameter. Acenter groove 976 is providing to receive a cam follower 998 therein.The plastic wheel further includes a pair of symmetrically opposedcircumferential tire grooves 978 for receiving an elastomeric o-ring 980therein. The elastomeric o-rings 980 contacts the cleaning surfaceduring operation and the o-ring material properties are selected toprovide a desired friction coefficient between the nose wheel and thecleaning surface. The nose wheel assembly 962 is a passive element thatis in rolling contact with the cleaning surface via the o-rings 980 androtates about its rotation axis formed by the axle protrusion 974 whenthe robot 100 is transported over the cleaning surface.

The caster housing 964 is formed with a pair of opposed clevis surfaceswith co-aligned opposed pivot holes 982 formed therethrough forreceiving the vertical support assembly 966 therein. A verticalattaching member 984 includes a pivot element 986 at its bottom end forinstalling between the clevis surfaces. The pivot element 986 includes apivot axis bore 988 formed therein for alignment with the co-alignedpivot hole 982. A pivot rod 989 extends through the co-aligned pivotholes 982 and is press fit within the pivot axis bore 988 and capturedtherein. A torsion spring 990 installs over the pivot rod 988 andprovides a spring force that biases the caster housing 964 and nosewheel assembly 962 to a downwardly extended position forcing the nosewheel 962 to rotate to an orientation that places the nose wheel 962more distally below the bottom surface of the chassis 200. Thedownwardly extended position is a non-operating position. The springconstant of the torsion spring 990 is small enough that the weight ofthe robot 100 overcomes its biasing force when the robot 100 robot isplaced onto the cleaning surface for cleaning. Alternately, when thenose wheel assembly goes over a cliff, or is lifted off the cleaningsurface, the torsion spring biasing force pivots the nose wheel to thedownwardly extended non-operating position. This condition is sensed bya wheel down sensor, described below, and a signal is sent to the mastercontroller 300 to stop transport or to initiate some other action.

The vertical attaching member 984 includes a hollow vertical shaftportion 992 extending upward from the pivot element 986. The hollowshaft portion 992 passes through the hole in the chassis 200 and iscaptured therein by an e-ring retainer 994 and thrust washer 996. Thisattaches the nose wheel assembly 960 to the chassis and allows it torotate freely about a vertical axis when the robot is being transported.

The nose wheel module 960 is equipped with sensing elements thatgenerate sensor signals used by the master control module 300 to countwheel revolutions, to determine wheel rotational velocity, and to sensea wheel down condition, i.e. when the caster 964 is pivoted downward bythe force of the torsion spring 990. The sensors generate a wheelrotation signal using a cam following plunger 998 that include a sensorelement that moves in response to wheel rotation. The cam follower 998comprises an “L” shaped rod with the a vertical portion being movablysupported inside the hollow shaft 992 thus passing through the hole inthe chassis 200 to extend above the top surface thereof. The lower endof the rod 992 forms a cam follower that fits within the wheel centercircumferential groove 976 and is movable with respect thereto. The camfollower 998 is supported in contact with an offset hub 1000 shown inFIG. 18. The offset hub 1000 comprises an eccentric feature formednon-symmetrically about the nose wheel rotation axis inside thecircumferential groove 976. With each rotation of the wheel 962, theoffset hub 1000 forces and oscillation of the cam follower 998 whichmoves reciprocally along a substantially vertical axis.

A once per revolution wheel sensor includes a permanent magnet 1002attached to the top end of the “L” shaped rod by an attaching element1004. The magnet 1002 oscillates through a periodic vertical motion witheach full revolution of the nose wheel. The magnet 1002 generates amagnetic field which is used to interact with a reed switch, not shown,mounted to the chassis 200 in a fixed location with respect to movingmagnet 1002. The reed switch is activated by the magnetic field eachtime the magnet 1002 is in the full up position in its travel. Thisgenerates a once per revolution signal which is sensed by the mastercontroller 300. A second reed switch may also be positioned proximate tothe magnet 1002 and calibrated to generate a wheel down signal. Thesecond reed switch is positioned in a location that will be influencedby the magnetic field when the magnet 1002 drops to the non-operatingwheel down position.

It will also be recognized by those skilled in the art that, while theinvention has been described above in terms of preferred embodiments, itis not limited thereto. Various features and aspects of the abovedescribed invention may be used individually or jointly. Further,although the invention has been described in the context of itsimplementation in a particular environment, and for particularapplications, e.g. residential floor cleaning, those skilled in the artwill recognize that its usefulness is not limited thereto and that thepresent invention can be beneficially utilized in any number ofenvironments and implementations including but not limited to cleaningany substantially horizontal surface. Accordingly, the claims set forthbelow should be construed in view of the full breadth and spirit of theinvention as disclosed herein.

What is claimed is: 1-23. (canceled)
 24. A cleaning robot, comprising: achassis; a wheeled drive supporting the chassis and operable to maneuverthe robot over a work surface; one or more cleaning elements carried onthe chassis to clean across a cleaning width; a fluid applicator carriedon the chassis and comprising a pump arranged to dispense cleaning fluidacross at least a portion of the cleaning width; a fluid collectorcarried on the chassis and comprising a vacuum arranged to lift wastefluid up from the work surface; and a fluid storage tank coupled to thechassis and detachable as a unit, the fluid storage tank defining both:a cleaning fluid compartment in fluid communication with the fluidapplicator and arranged to store cleaning fluid to be dispensed by thefluid applicator; and a waste fluid compartment in fluid communicationwith the fluid collector and arranged to receive waste fluid lifted fromthe work surface by the fluid collector.
 25. The cleaning robot of claim24, wherein the waste fluid compartment is sealed from the cleaningfluid compartment.
 26. The cleaning robot of claim 24, wherein thecleaning fluid compartment contains a cleaning fluid comprising at leastone of soap, solvent, fragrance, disinfectant, emulsifier, drying agentand abrasive particulates; and wherein the waste fluid compartmentcontains waste fluid comprising previously dispensed cleaning fluid. 27.The cleaning robot of claim 24, wherein the waste fluid compartment islocated below the cleaning fluid compartment along an axis perpendicularto a fore-aft axis and a transverse axis of the chassis.
 28. Thecleaning robot of claim 27, wherein the cleaning fluid compartment ispartially defined by a base portion of the fluid storage tank coupled toa portion of a perimeter wall of the waste fluid compartment to seal thewaste fluid compartment.
 29. The cleaning robot of claim 24, furthercomprising a molded plastic cover assembly forming an external surfaceof the robot, the cover assembly coupled to a perimeter portion of aperimeter wall of the cleaning fluid compartment to seal the cleaningfluid compartment.
 30. The cleaning robot of claim 24, furthercomprising: a tank empty sensor housed in the cleaning fluidcompartment, and configured to provide a signal indicating that anamount of cleaning fluid in the cleaning fluid compartment is below acleaning fluid threshold; and a tank level sensor housed in the wastefluid compartment, and configured to provide a signal proportional to alevel of waste fluid within the waste fluid compartment.
 31. Thecleaning robot of claim 24, wherein the vacuum of the fluid collectorcomprises a powered vacuum fan arranged to generate vacuum pressure tosuction up waste fluid from the work surface.
 32. The cleaning robot ofclaim 31, further comprising a plenum fluidically coupled to the wastefluid compartment and the vacuum fan, the plenum located above the wastefluid compartment and comprising a hub for receiving a plurality of airducts.
 33. The cleaning robot of claim 32, wherein at least one of theair ducts comprises a conduit having a suction port located proximatethe work surface, such that negative vacuum pressure at the plenum drawswaste liquid from the work surface into the waste fluid compartment. 34.The cleaning robot of claim 24, wherein the fluid collector furthercomprises a collecting apparatus attached to the chassis aft of at leastone of the cleaning elements and extending from the chassis to the worksurface across the cleaning width for collecting waste liquid from thework surface.
 35. The cleaning robot of claim 34, wherein the collectingapparatus comprises a squeegee in contact or near contact with thesurface to collect waste liquid as the chassis advances in a forwarddirection.
 36. The cleaning robot of claim 24, wherein at least one ofthe cleaning elements comprises a smearing element extending to reachthe work surface across the cleaning width for smearing dispensedcleaning fluid along the work surface.
 37. The cleaning robot of claim36, wherein the smearing element comprises a plurality of smearingbristles configured to distribute cleaning fluid evenly on the worksurface across the cleaning width.
 38. The cleaning robot of claim 24,wherein at least one of the cleaning elements comprises a scrubbingroller rotatable about an axis substantially parallel to the cleaningwidth, the scrubbing roller configured to contact the surface.
 39. Thecleaning robot of claim 24, wherein the wheeled drive comprises: anautonomous transport drive subsystem, a sensor module for sensingconditions, and a power module; wherein the drive subsystem, sensormodule and power module are all supported by the chassis and controlledby a master control module to autonomously move the robot substantiallyover the entire work surface in accordance with predefined operatingmodes and in response to conditions sensed by the sensor module.
 40. Thecleaning robot of claim 39, wherein the transport drive subsystemcomprises one or more drive wheels, each drive wheel comprising anannular tire element having a non-slip drive surface for maintainingtraction on a wet work surface.
 41. The cleaning robot of claim 24,wherein the pump comprises a diaphragm pump assembly.
 42. The cleaningrobot of claim 24, wherein the fluid applicator further comprises anozzle configured to eject bursts of cleaning fluid across at least aportion of the cleaning width in accordance with a burst frequency. 43.The cleaning robot of claim 24, further comprising a user graspablehandle coupled to a portion of the fluid storage tank by a latchingmechanism, the handle being arranged to: allow a user to pick up theentire robot when the latching mechanism is in a locked condition; andallow the fluid storage tank to be removed from the chassis when thelatching mechanism is in an unlocked condition.